Shellmound | Location and History |
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Cubatão I Dating: 3480 ± 80 years BP [19] Dimensions: 130 × 90 × 9.0 26° 12′ 17″ S 48° 46′ 20″ W | Located at the mouth of the Cubatão River in Babitonga Bay. Shellmound is constantly waterlogged and contains preserved archaeological plant artefacts. Archaeological excavations occurred in 2007, 2009 and 2020 |
Cubatão II Dating: no date** Dimensions: 60 × 70 × 1.5 26° 12′ 11″ S 48° 46′ 49″ W | Located five meters from the Cubatão III shellmound and less than 1 km from Cubatão I. Lost part of its structure due to road construction |
Ilha dos Espinheiros II Dating: 3,015 ± 130 years BP [53] Dimensions: 80 × 40 × 5 26° 17′ 31″ S 48° 46′ 45″ W | Located on the shores of Babitonga Bay. Archaeological excavation occurred in the 1980s. The owner periodically removes the forest understory |
Lagoa Saguaçu Dating: 4690 ± 30 years BP [60] Dimensions: 130 × 180 × 9 26° 18′ 20″ S 48° 47′ 39″ W | Located on the shores of Babitonga Bay, much of its structure was removed due to the exploitation of shells for the manufacture of lime until the mid-twentieth century |
Morro do Amaral II Dating: 2998–2756 years cal BP*** Dimensions: 20 × 70 × 3.5 26° 18′ 38″ S 48° 45′ 16″ W | Located on Morro do Amaral Island on the shores of Babitonga Bay. There is no record of significant changes in its structure. On the island, there is a community of artisanal fishermen, descendants of Luso-Brazilian settlers in the seventeenth century |
Morro do Ouro Dating: 4030 ± 40 years BP [61] Dimensions: 60 × 95 × 13 26° 18′ 53″ S 48° 49′ 40″ W | Located at the mouth of the Cachoeira River in Babitonga Bay. It was exploited for lime production until the mid-twentieth century. Part of the structure was removed to build a road. Archaeological excavations occurred in 1952–1960, 1968, 1979 and 2019 |
Rua GuaÃra Dating: 5200 years ± 70 years BP [52] Dimensions: 40 × 40 × 16 26° 15′ 07″ S 48° 48′ 32″ W | Located on the slope of a small hill in a densely occupied and urbanized region, approximately 3 km from Babitonga Bay. There is a historical record of material removal from its structure |