Table 1 Use reports of EF and EBC (one row for each respondent)
EF/EBC | Indication | Preparation and use |
|---|---|---|
EF | Ethnoveterinary use for elephants’ skin abrasion | Urine and dry elephant faeces are mixed with crushed Alpinia galanga stems (in equal amounts) and applied by hand on the wound |
EF | Ethnoveterinary use for elephants’ wounds | A poultice made of a mixture of clay and elephant faeces in equal parts placed in a piece of banana stem is applied on wound |
EF | Diabetes, diarrhoea, intoxication with vomiting | Decoction of sun-dried faeces drunk at will |
EF | Fever | Maceration of dry faeces, collected fresh or dry, 1 handful per litre drunk all day |
EF | Fever, diarrhoea, digestive problems, skin rash | Decoction drunk in case of diarrhoea or fever, or used as a lotion for rash. Alcoholic maceration in case of digestive problems |
EF | Neuromotor problems as an outcome of stroke (‘sen pasat’) | Faeces wrapped in cloth are placed in a stream for 15–20 min and used to massage and dab the limbs of affected people. Female faeces are used to treat males and vice versa |
EF | Food intoxication with vomiting | Decoction of dried faeces (one handful per litre of water, boiled for 10Â min) drunk all day long |
EF | Diarrhoea, food intoxication | Decoction of dried droppings |
EF | Skin rash | Aqueous maceration of dry faeces used in lotion |
EF | Diarrhoea, skin rash | Decoction drunk for diarrhoea or used as a lotion for skin rash |
EBC | Food intoxication (e.g. from toxic mushroom ingestion) | Aqueous maceration drunk at will until recovery |
EBC | Diarrhoea, food intoxication | Decoction drunk. 1/3 of EBC used for each preparation |
EBC | Skin rash | Decoction drunk |
EBC | Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) | Pat the affected area with a decoction twice a day |
EBC | Diarrhoea, food intoxication | Decoction drunk 3 times a day. Sometimes wood and bark of Broussonetia papyrifera and culm of Dendrocalamus brandisii are added to the decoction |
EBC | Skin rash | Decoction used in lotion |
EBC | Diarrhoea | Decoction drunk for 2–3 days (one fifth of EBC with ¾ litre of water sometimes with sugar cane added) |
EBC | Diarrhoea, stomach-ache | Decoction drunk |
EBC | Diarrhoea, food intoxication | Decoction with roots of Strobilanthes auriculatus Nees (one thumb of each for 1 L of water) drunk |
EBC | Food intoxication, stomach-ache | Decoction or aqueous maceration drunk |
EBC | Stomach-ache | Decoction drunk (one handful for 3 L of water to be drunk at discretion until recovery) |
EBC | Diarrhoea, stomach-ache, internal heat (‘hon nay’), skin problems | Diarrhoea, stomach-ache, internal heat: decoction drunk (2 thumbs of EBC for l litre of water). Skin problems: decoction used in lotion |
EBC | Skin irritation | Decoction drunk or used in lotion |
EBC | Diarrhoea, fever, skin rash | Diarrhoea, fever: decoction drunk. Skin rash: decoction drunk or used in lotion. Use ½ EBC for 4–5 L of water |
EBC | Stomach-ache, bloating | Decoction of EBC with plants: drunk (1 L per day) |