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Table 2 Ethnomedicinal plant used to treat human diseases in District Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

From: Exploration of ethnomedicinal plants and their practices in human and livestock healthcare in Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

S. no

Taxonomic name/ family, voucher no

Local name

Locality

Life habit/life span

Part used

Diseases treated

Ethnomedicinal recipes

Quantitative indices

FC

RFC

∑Ui

UV

1

Achyranthus aspera L. (Amaranthaceae), 04-Z

Puth-Kanda, Lehndi Booti

Choi

H

P

RT

Tonsillitis

External application of fresh root paste for one week twice a day

12

0.15

70

0.87

2

Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), 06-Z

Darawa

Dartian

T

P

BA

Dysentery and Diarrhea

Bark Juice (½ cup) mixed with milk and taken

13

0.16

64

0.8

3

Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae), 07-Z

Thoom

Khanpur

H

B

BB

High blood pressure

Two bulbs are eaten with a meal

15

0.18

42

0.52

4

Althaea officinalis L. (Malvaceae), 10-Z

Khatmi

Jabri

H

A

LE

Cough and tonsillitis

One cup of seed or leaf tea is used thrice a day

23

0.28

45

0.56

5

Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae), 12-Z

Afsanteen

Joulian

H

P

TW

Hepatitis

10-g twigs powdered with water are taken thrice times a day

22

0.27

25

0.31

6

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), 13-Z

Nim

Pakshai

T

P

FR

Diabetes

Powder (1 spoon) form of fruit with water, orally everyday

13

0.16

35

0.43

7

Bauhinia variegata L. (Fabaceae; subfamily Caesalpinioidea), 14-Z

Kalyarh, Kachnar

Garam thoon

T

P

FL

Stomach Tonic

Young flowers are cooked as a vegetable and eaten

14

0.17

62

0.77

8

Boerhavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae), 17-Z

It-sit

Barkot

H

P

LE

Diabetes and jaundice

Decoction of leaves is taken

16

0.2

17

0.21

9

Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Benth. ex Hook.f. (Apocynaceae), 23-Z

Chong

Karwali

H

P

ST

Diabetes

One cup of stem juice is taken thrice times a day

29

0.36

65

0.81

10

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don (Apocynaceae), 29-Z

Sadabahar

Bagra

H

p

LE

Wasp-sting

Leaf juice is applied

12

0.15

66

0.82

11

Celtis australis auct. non L. (Ulmaceae), 30-Z

Batkhar

Najafpur

T

P

FR

Stomach problems

10 g of fruit powdered is taken with water

13

0.16

24

0.3

12

Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae), 37-Z

Kasni

Kotla

H

P

RT

Stomach problem

Grinded root is taken

12

0.15

15

0.18

13

Cissampelos pareira L. (Menispermaceae), 42-Z

Phalaan jarhi, Ghora-sum

Dhuniya

C

P

LE

Wounds

Leaves are crushed and applied

14

0.17

36

0.45

14

Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm. (Lamiaceae), 44-Z

Shakardana

Dhuniya

S

P

LE

Cough

Leaves are chewed

13

0.16

34

0.42

15

Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae), 58-Z

Datura

Dara

H

A

FL, LE

Bleeding piles

Powdered flowers and leaves are used as an ointment

12

0.15

35

0.43

16

Diospyros lotus L. (Ebenaceae), 60-Z

Amlok

Shah kabul

T

P

FR

Chest phlegm

Fruit is eaten

16

0.2

19

0.23

17

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae), 67-Z

Gond

Khanpur

T

P

RE

Cuts and wounds

Resin is applied externally

13

0.16

25

0.31

18

Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), 78-Z

Anjeer

Ranjha

T

P

FR

Blood deficiency

Fruit is eaten

25

0.31

32

0.4

19

Ficus palmata Forssk. (Moraceae), 79-Z

Phagwari

Ranjha

T

P

FR

Blood deficiency and abdominal problems

The fruit is left in the water overnight and eaten as a first food in the morning

13

0.16

45

0.56

20

Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae), 120-Z

Khabazi

Kohala

H

B

LE

Chest infection and asthma

One cup of leaf tea is taken 2–3 times a day

13

0.16

32

0.4

21

Mentha longifolia L. (Lamiaceae), 131-Z

Chita podna

Bhamala

H

P

LE

Fever, dysentery and vomiting

Leaf tea is used

13

0.16

24

0.3

22

Myrsine africana L. (Primulaceae), 148-Z

khokonr

Najafpur

S

P

FR

Anthelmintic

Fruit is eaten

13

0.16

35

0.43

23

Nasturtium officinaleW.T.Aiton (Brassicaceae), 155-Z

Tara meera

Chaskalawaan

H

P

LE

Constipation, diuretic and obesity

Cooked vegetable of leaves is eaten

6

0.07

62

0.77

24

Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae), 174-Z

Niaz-bo

Desra

H

A

LE

Skin care

Leaf juice is applied

16

0.2

32

0.4

25

Olea ferruginea Royle (Oleaceae), 186-Z

Kaho

Garam thoon

T

P

LE

Skin pimples

Leaf tea is used

23

0.28

45

0.56

27

Oxalis corniculata L. (Oxalidaceae), 197-Z

Khat-matra

Halli

H

A

LE

Skin inflammations

Powdered leaves are applied as a poultice

12

0.15

34

0.42

28

Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae), 202-Z

Khashkhash

Halli

H

A

FR

Chest infection and cough

Tea of dried fruit is taken

11

0.13

45

0.56

29

Pinus roxburghii Sarg. (Pinaceae), 212-Z

Chir

Bagla

T

P

RE

Skin problems

Resin is applied externally

13

0.16

25

0.31

30

Pistacia chinensis subsp. integerrima (J.L.Stewart) Rech.f. (Anacardiaceae), 218-Z

Kangur

Chasklawaan

T

P

BA

Jaundice

½ cup of bark decoction is taken daily

13

0.16

39

0.48

31

Rubus fruticosus L. (Rosaceae), 235-Z

Garacha

Ranjha

S

P

FR

Carminative

Fruit is eaten

15

0.18

42

0.52

26

Rydingia limbata (Benth.) Scheen & V.A. Albert (Lamiaceae), 192-Z

Chita Kanda, Bamboli

Old Khanpur

S

P

WP

Wounds

The powder of whole plant mixed with butter before being applied

24

0.3

36

0.45

32

Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C.Johnst. (Rhamnaceae), 252-Z

Gangeeri

Rajdhani

S

P

FR

Diabetes and kidney stones

Dried powdered (½ spoon) of fruit, taken in the morning and evening with water

10

0.12

42

0.52

33

Sisymbrium irio L. (Brassicaceae), 257-Z

Khub kalan

Kot-jandaan

H

A

LE

Chest infection

Leaves infusion is given

8

0.1

26

0.32

34

Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae), 260-Z

Kach mach

Najafpur

H

A

LE

Asthma

Tea of shade dried leaves is taken

16

0.2

43

0.53

35

Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae), 268-Z

Imli

Bees ban

T

P

PP

Fever and liver tonic

Juice of pulp is drunk daily

23

0.28

50

0.62

36

Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae), 274-Z

Gokhru

Neelan bhoto

H

A

LE

Male sexual weakness

A few leaves are soaked for a while in a glass of water and taken three times daily

13

0.16

33

0.41

37

Viola odorata L. (Violaceae), 277-Z

Ba-nafsha

Kharian

H

A

LE

Cough, cold and flu

Leaf tea is taken

27

0.33

73

0.91

38

Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz (Lythraceae), 279-Z

Taawi, Dhawi

Shah Kabul

S

 

LE

Skin diseases

A poultice of leaves is applied externally

9

0.11

45

0.56

39

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (Rutaceae), 280-Z

Timber

Halli

S/T

P

SD

Jaundice

One spoon of dried or fresh seeds powdered is taken daily

32

0.4

60

0.75

40

Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. (Rhamnaceae), 281-Z

Beri

Sarhadna

S

P

LE

Wounds

Paste of grinded leaves are applied

13

0.16

38

0.47