Table 3 Onetime inventory of taxa traded in Tamu Kianggeh and nearest supermarket

1.

Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Lady’s finger

Bendi

Exotic. Old World tropics

Yes

–

2.

Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) C.F.Liang & A.R.Ferguson

Kiwi

–

Exotic. China

–

Yes

3.

Allium ampeloprasum L.

Leek

–

Exotic. Southern Europe to Western Asia

Yes

Yes

4.

Allium ascalonicum L.

Shallot (fruit, leaves)

Bawang merah; Daun bawang

Exotic. Central Asia

Yes

Yes

5.

Allium cepa L.

Onion (large, bombay, brown)

Bawang basar, Bawang Bombay

Not known in wild

Yes

Yes

6.

Allium sativum L.

Garlic

Bawang putih

Native. Asia

Yes

Yes

7.

Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.

Garlic chives

Kucai

Native. Southeast Asia

Yes

Yes

8.

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

Aloe vera

Lidah buaya

Exotic. Mediterranean

–

Yes

9.

Alpinia galangal (L.) Willd.

Galangal

Lengkuas

Native. Southeast Asia

Yes

Yes

10.

Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum.

Red ginger

Halia bara

Exotic. Maluku to SW Pacific

Yes

–

11.

Amaranthus blitum L.

Spinach

Bayam itik, Bayam padi

Exotic. Peru to Brazil and N. Argentina

Yes

–

12.

Amaranthus hybridus L.

Green Spinach

Bayam hijau

Exotic. Tropical and subtropical America

–

Yes

13.

Amaranthus tricolour L.

Spinach

Bayam merah, Bayam hati

Exotic. Africa, Indo-China

Yes

–

14.

Anacardium occidentale L.

Cashew (shoots)

Pucuk jagus

Exotic Trinidad to S. tropical America

Yes

–

15.

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.

Pineapple

Nenas

Exotic. Brazil

Yes

Yes

16.

Annona muricata L.

Soursop

Durian salat, Durian belanda

Exotic. Central America, West Indies

Yes

Yes

17.

Annona reticulata L.

Custard apple

Buah nona

Exotic. Caribbean, Central America

Yes

–

18.

Apium graveolens L.

Celery

Celery

Exotic. Europe

Yes

Yes

19.

Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I. C. Nielsen

–

Jering

Native. Bangladesh to Jawa

Yes

–

20.

Arctium spp.

Burdock

–

Exotic. Europe to Asia

–

Yes

21.

Areca catechu L.

Areca nut

Buah pinang

Exotic. Philippines

Yes

–

22.

Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.

–

Tibadak

Native. Sumatera to New Guinea

Yes

–

23.

Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco

–

Tarap

Native. Borneo to Philippines

Yes

–

24.

Asparagus officinalis L.

Asparagus

–

Exotic. Europe and temperate Asia

–

Yes

25.

Averrhoa bilimbi L.

Sour starfruit

Belimbing buluh, Belimbing pucung

Exotic. Laos, Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Sulawesi

Yes

–

26.

Averrhoa carambola L.

Starfruit

Belimbing

Exotic. Jawa, Laos, Philippines, Sulawesi

Yes

Yes

27.

Baccaurea macrocarpa (Miq.) Müll.Arg.

–

Tampoi

Native. Peninsula Thailand to W. Malesia.

Yes

–

28.

Baccaurea motleyana (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.

–

Rambai

Native. Peninsula Thailand to W. Malesia.

Yes

–

29.

Bambusa xueana Ohrnb.

Bamboo sprout

Rebung

Exotic. China

–

Yes

30.

Basella alba L.

Malabar spinach

Tandula, Gendola, Pacar Pindula, Wang Miu, Bayam Bangala; Bayam Taiwan

Native. Tropical Asia

Yes

Yes

31.

Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.

Winter melon, wax gourd

Kundur, Gambas

Native. Central Malesia to SW. Pacific

Yes

Yes

32.

Beta vulgaris L.

Beetroot

Ubi bit, Daun ubi bit

Exotic. Europe

Yes

–

33.

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.

Cabbage, Mustard

Sawi pahit, Kai chye

Exotic. Russia to central Asia

Yes

Yes

34.

Brassica oleracea L.

Chinese kale, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Kai lan, kubis

Exotic. Mediterranean region and southwestern Europe

Yes

Yes

35.

Brassica rapa L.

Celery cabbage

Sawi putih, Pak choi, Sawi bunga, Sawi manis, Sawi Taiwan, Choi sem, Chye sim, Pak chye, Yu mark

Exotic. Central and E. Mediterranean to W. Asia

Yes

Yes

36.

Calamus peregrinus Furtado

–

Asam jelayan

Exotic. S. Myanmar to Peninsula Malaysia.

Yes

–

37.

Canarium odontophyllum Miq.

–

Dabai

Native

Yes

–

38.

Capsicum annuum CV group longum

Chilli, Capsicum

Lada Bangala; Lada hidup

Exotic. Tropical North and South America

Yes

Yes

39.

Capsicum annuum L.

Chilli

Lada padi; Lada padi bara; Lada susu; Lada Thailand

Exotic. Tropical North and South America

Yes

Yes

40.

Carica papaya L.

Papaya

Betik

Exotic. S. Mexico to Venezuela

Yes

Yes

41.

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

Pennywort

Pegaga

Native. Caucasus, Tropical and Subtropical Old World to New Zealand and SW. Pacific

–

Yes

42.

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai

Watermelon

Sikui

Exotic. North Africa

Yes

Yes

43.

Citrus assamensis R.M.Dutta & Bhattacharya

Orange

Locsweet oren

Exotic. Assam to Bangladesh

Yes

Yes

44.

Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle

Lime, Key

Limau kapas

Possible hybrid

Yes

–

45.

Citrus hystrix DC.

Leech (fruit, leaves)

Limau purut

Native. China to Indo-China and New Guinea, Wallis Island

Yes

Yes

46.

Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck

Lemon

–

Native. Asia

Yes

Yes

47.

Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.

Pomelo, shaddock

Limau basar, Limau Bali

Exotic. Polynesia

–

Yes

48.

Citrus reticulata Blanco

Orange

Limau mandarin, Limau madu; Limau manis

Exotic. Other parts of Southeast Asia

Yes

Yes

49.

Cocos nucifera L.

Coconut (fruit, shoots)

Kelapa

Exotic. Central Malesia to SW. Pacific

Yes

–

50.

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

Yam (root, shoot)

Keladi, Ubi belayar

Exotic. India to S. China and Sumatera

Yes

–

51.

Cosmos caudatus Kunth

–

Ulam raja, Rancah—rancah

Exotic. Mexico to S. Tropical America

Yes

–

52.

Cucumis melo L.

Hami melon, Musk melon, Honeydew, Beloro (fruit, shoot), Fragrant cucumber

Betat, Timun batat, Timun suri

Exotic. Ethiopia to S. Africa, Arabian Peninsula to India, N. and Central Australia

Yes

Yes

53.

Cucumis sativus L.

Cucumber (fruit, shoot)

Timun

Exotic. Himalaya to N. Thailand

Yes

Yes

54.

Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché

Sharkfin melon

Exotic. Peru to Bolivia

Yes

Yes

55.

Cucurbita moschata Duchesne

Pumpkin (fruit, shoot)

Labu

Exotic. Mexico to Guatemala

Yes

Yes

56.

Cucurbita pepo

L.

Zucchini

–

Exotic. North America

–

Yes

57.

Curcuma longa L.

Turmeric (root, leaves)

Kunyit

Exotic. India, Malaysia

Yes

Yes

58.

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf

Lemongrass

Serai

Exotic. Southern India, Sri Lanka

Yes

–

59.

Daucus carota L.

Carrot, orange/purple

Lobak

Exotic. Afghanistan

Yes

–

60.

Dialium indum L.

–

Keranji

Native. Thailand to W. Malesia

Yes

Yes

61.

Dimocarpus longan Lour.

Longan

–

Native.

Yes

62.

Dimocarpus longan subsp. malesianus Leenh.

–

Mata kucing

Native.

Yes

–

63.

Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.

Chinese yam (Huai Sun)

–

Exotic. Central and S. China to Kuril Islands and Taiwan

–

Yes

64.

Diospyros kaki L.f.

Persimmon

Pisang kaki, Kesamak

Exotic. Assam to Central and S. China and Taiwan

Yes

Yes

65.

Durio kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc.

Durian

Durian pulu

Endemic to Borneo

Yes

Yes

66.

Durio zibethinus L.

Durian

Durian monthong, Durian kawin

Native. Sumatera to Borneo

Yes

–

67.

Eleiodoxa conferata (Griff.) Burret

–

Asam kelumbi

Native. Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra

Yes

–

68.

Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex Hensch.

Water chestnut

Kacang berangan

Exotic. Tropical and Subtropical Old World

–

Yes

69.

Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Sm.

Torch ginger; Ginger flower

Bunga kantan

Native. Peninsula Thailand to W. Malesia

Yes

–

70.

Garcinia mangostana L.

Mangosteen

Manggis

Exotic. Peninsula Malaysia

Yes

–

71.

Garcinia parvifolia (Miq.) Miq.

Brunei cherry

Asam aur-aur

Native. W. and Central Malesia

Yes

–

72.

Gnetum gnemon L.

–

Bagu

Native. SE. Tibet to W. Pacific

Yes

–

73.

Hylocereus costaricensis (F.A.C. Weber) Britton & Rose

Dragon fruit, red

Buah naga

Exotic. South America

Yes

Yes

74.

Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose

Dragon fruit, white

Buah naga (putih)

Exotic. Mexico to Columbia

–

Yes

75.

Ipomoea aquatica Forssk

–

Kangkong

Native. Tropical and Subtropical Old World

Yes

Yes

76.

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.

Potato, sweet purple/orange/white (shoot)

Ubi manis, Jalar keladi

Exotic. Mexico

Yes

Yes

77.

Kaempferia galanga L.

Aromatic ginger

Cakur, Cekur

Exotic. China and Indo-China

Yes

–

78.

Lactuca sativa L.

Lettuce, Coral; Iceberg; Sword; Curly; Thailand

Lettuce, Butterhead

Cos lettuce, Romaine lettuce

Yu Ma, Selada keriting - Curly Lettuce

Exotic. West Asia

Yes

Yes

79.

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.

Calabash gourd

Labu air, Labu putih

Exotic. W. Tropical Africa to Ethiopia and Tanzania

Yes

–

80.

Lansium parasiticum (Osbeck) K.C.Sahni & Bennet

–

Duku; langsat

Native. Taiwan (Lan Yü), Malesia to N. and NE. Queensland

Yes

–

81.

Laurus nobilis L.

Bay leaf

Daun salam, Daun kapau

Exotic. Northern Africa, Western Asia, Southern Europe

Yes

–

82.

Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.

Angled gourd

Petola; Petola gantang

Exotic. Indian sub-continent

Yes

Yes

83.

Malus pumila Mill

Apple (Red, Green)

Epal

Exotic. Central Asia to Afghanistan

Yes

Yes

84.

Mangifera caesia Jack

–

Belunu, Binjai

Exotic. Sumatera, Philippines and Lesser Sunda Island

Yes

–

85.

Mangifera indica L.

Mango

Mangga, Mangga mahathir, Dok mai, Mangga Thai, Mempalam, Manga apple

Exotic. Assam to China (S. Yunnan)

Yes

Yes

86.

Mangifera pajang

Kosterm.

–

Mambangan

Endemic to Borneo

Yes

–

87.

Manihot esculenta Crantz

Cassava

Ubi kayu, Ubi kayu mentega, Ubi keriting

Exotic. W. South America to Brazil

Yes

Yes

88.

Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen

Sapota, Chikoo, Ciku

Ciku

Exotic. Mexico to Colombia

Yes

–

89.

Maranta arundinacea L.

Arrowroot

–

Native. Taiwan, Indo-China to W. Pacific

–

Yes

90.

Mentha spicata L.

Mint

Daun pudina

Exotic. Europe to China

–

Yes

91.

Momordica charantia L.

Bitter gourd

Peria buaya

Exotic. Tropical and Subtropical Old World

Yes

–

92.

Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.

Spiny gourd, Teasel

Kakrol

Exotic. Other parts of Tropical Asia

Yes

–

93.

Morinda citrifolia L.

Morinda, Noni

Mengkudu

Exotic. India

Yes

–

94.

Musa spp.

Banana (Fruit, Blossom, Stem)

Pisang

–

Yes

Yes

95.

Nasturtium officinale R.Br.

Watercress

–

Exotic. Eurasia, Macaronesia, Tropical Africa

–

Yes

96.

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.

Lotus (Root, Seed)

–

Exotic. India, Bangladesh, Laos, China, Vietnam, etc.

–

Yes

97.

Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.

–

Pulasan

Native. Native to Asia-Tropical

Yes

–

98.

Ocimum basilicum L.

Basil

Kemangi

Native. Tropical Asia

Yes

–

99.

Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urh.

–

Sengkuang

Central America, South America

Yes

–

100.

Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.

–

Pandan

Exotic. Maluku

Yes

–

101.

Pangium edule Reinw.

–

Kepayang

Exotic. Asia-Tropical, Vanuatu and Santa Cruz Island

Yes

–

102.

Passiflora edulis Sims

Passion fruit

–

Exotic. Brazil to NE. Argentina

Yes

Yes

103.

Persea americana Mill.

Avocado

–

Exotic. Central America

Yes

Yes

104.

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss

Parsley (Chinese, English)

Daun Sup

Exotic. Balkan peninsula

Yes

Yes

105.

Phaseolus vulgaris L.

French bean, Red streaked bean

Kacang Merah

Exotic. Central and South America

Yes

–

106.

Phoenix dactylifera L.

Dates

Kurma

Exotic. Arabian Peninsula to S. Pakistan

–

Yes

107.

Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels

–

Ceramai

Exotic. Brazil

Yes

–

108.

Piper betle L.

Betel (leaves)

Sirih

Exotic. Tropical Asia

Yes

–

109.

Pisum sativum L.

Snow peas, sweet peas

–

Southern Europe

Yes

–

110.

Pometia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

Matoa

Longan Brazil

Native. Sri Lanka to China (Yunnan) and S. Pacific

–

Yes

111.

Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni

Egg fruit

Buah keju

Exotic. Mexico to Central America

–

Yes

112.

Prunus avium (L.) L.

Cherry (Red, White)

Ceri

Exotic. Europe to Caucasus, Mediterranean to Iran

–

Yes

113.

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Peach

–

Exotic. N. Central China

–

Yes

114.

Prunus subg. Prunus

Plum

–

–

–

Yes

115.

Psidium guajava L.

Guava

Biabas

Exotic. Brazil

–

Yes

116.

Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.

Winges beans, square beans

Kacang sirik, Kacang belimbing

Exotic. New Guinea

–

Yes

117.

Punica granatum L.

Pomegranate

Delima

Exotic. NE. Turkey to Afghanistan

–

Yes

118.

Pyrus spp.

Pear

–

–

–

Yes

119.

Raphanus raphanistrum L.

Radish

Lobak

Exotic. Europe, Africa and Asia-Temperate

Yes

–

120.

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin

Radish

Lobak

Exotic. Greece, Gulf States, Italy, Oman, Sicilia, Tadzhikistan, Balkan peninsula

–

Yes

121.

Sagittaria latifolia Willd.

Arrow head; Arrow shoot

–

Exotic. Eastern and central North America

–

Yes

122.

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.

Cangkok manis

–

Native. Tropical and Subtropical Asia

–

Yes

123.

Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.

Chayote gourd

Labu Siam; Timun duri

Exotic. Mexico to Belize

Yes

Yes

124.

Solanum aethiopicum L.

Dayak eggplant

Terung Iban; Terung asam; Sesaie Iban

Exotic. NE. Tropical Africa

Yes

–

125.

Solanum lycopersicum L.

Tomato

Tomat

Exotic. Peru

Yes

Yes

126.

Solanum melongena L.

Eggplant

Terung, Terong Korea

Exotic. Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam

Yes

Yes

127.

Solanum tuberosum L.

Potato

Ubi; Ubi Thailand

Exotic. South America

Yes

Yes

128.

Solanum undatum Lam.

Thailand eggplant

Terung Thailand

Exotic. W. Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical Asia

–

Yes

129.

Spondias dulcis Parkinson

June plum

Kedondong

Native. Malesia to Santa Cruz Islands. Only known in cultivation

Yes

–

130.

Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry

Rose apple

Jambu merah

Exotic. Indo-China to Vanuatu

–

Yes

131.

Tamarindus indica L.

Tamarind

Asam Jawa

Exotic. Madagascar

–

Yes

132.

Telosma cordata (Burm. f.) Merr.

–

Bunga tongkeng

Exotic. Pakistan to China

Yes

–

133.

Vigna radiata

(L.) R. Wilczek

Bean sprout

Taugeh

Exotic. Indian sub-continent to Myanmar

Yes

Yes

134.

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

Snake bean

Kacang ular, Kacang keriting

Exotic. Africa

Yes

–

135.

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.

Long beans (flower, fruits, leaves)

Kacang panjang

Exotic. Africa

Yes

Yes

136.

Vitis spp.

Crimson grapes

Anggur

–

–

Yes

137.

Zea mays L.

Corn

Jagung

Exotic. Mexico, Guatemala

Yes

Yes

138.

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Ginger

Halia

Exotic. India and China

Yes

Yes