Table 1 List of wild edible plants used by Dai, Hani, and Yao people in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest, China
Family name | Scientific name | Local namea | Life form | Used part | Preparation and usage | Voucher number | WCb | MSc | UVd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthaceae | Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss. | ya ke suo (D), nan lan (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Dye material to make red sticky rice | C - 110 | W | N | 0.39 |
Acanthaceae | Thunbergia grandiflora (Rottl. ex Willd .) Roxb. | za kuo luo kuo (H), lao gua dan (Y) | Woody vine | Flower | Potherb; tea substitute | C - 188 | W | N | 0.21 |
Alismataceae | Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. | an mu (H), gai jiu (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 111 | W | N | 0.19 |
Alismataceae | Sagittaria trifolia L. | ya gan gai (D), de si de luo (H), gai jiu ding (Y) | Herb | Rhizome | Potherb | C - 187 | W | N | 0.46 |
Amaranthaceae | Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. | pa biu (D), e luo er la (H) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Salad | C - 077 | W | N | 0.14 |
Amaranthaceae | Amaranthus blitum L. | pa hong kei (D), mo tuo qi pu (H), jia gai hen (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 009 | W | Y | 1 |
Amaranthaceae | Amaranthus spinosus L. | pa hong nan (D), gai hen lu (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 007 | W | Y | 0.92 |
Amaranthaceae | Amaranthus tricolor L. | pa hong (D), mo tuo qi pu (H), gai heng (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 008 | W, C | Y | 0.97 |
Amaranthaceae | Amaranthus viridis L. | pa hong kei (D), mo tuo qi pu (H), gai hen dong (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 105 | W | Y | 0.99 |
Amaranthaceae | Chenopodium album L. | pa hong ge (D), nuo za (H), ma lan gai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 103 | W | Y | 0.95 |
Amaranthaceae | Chenopodium ficifolium Smith | pa hong ge (D), nuo za (H), ma lan gai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 031 | W | Y | 0.83 |
Anacardiaceae | Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B.L. Burtt & A.W. Hill | mang men (D), biu la yang (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Seasonal fruit; sour condiment | C - 038 | W | N | 0.61 |
Anacardiaceae | Mangifera siamensis Warbg. ex Craib | mong (D), mao mao si (H), dang lao gang (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Seasonal fruit; salad | C - 019 | W | Y | 1 |
Anacardiaceae | Mangifera sylvatica Roxb. | mong wo (D), dong lao miu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Seasonal fruit; salad | C - 195 | W | N | 0.94 |
Anacardiaceae | Rhus chinensis Mill. | po (D), sheng bao che (H), ga fa biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Sour condiment | C - 054 | W | Y | 0.88 |
Anacardiaceae | Spondias pinnata (L. F.) Kurz | guo (D), pi luo si (H), ga li le biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit; tender stem and leaf | Potherb; sour condiment; liquor brewing | C - 029 | W, C | Y | 0.94 |
Apiaceae | Centella asiatica (L.) Urban | pa nuo (D), me kuo luo guo (H), da (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb; salad | C - 011 | W | Y | 0.96 |
Apiaceae | Eryngium foetidum L. | pa bong men pon (D), yan xu (H), long bia jing (Y) | Herb | Young leaf | Spices | C - 153 | W, C | Y | 0.94 |
Apiaceae | Heracleum bivittatum H. de Boissieu | mu ling wong (Y) | Herb | Root | Tonic soup | C - 177 | W | N | 0.1 |
Apiaceae | Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. | wo guo wo luo (H), gai weng (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 194 | W | Y | 0.64 |
Apocynaceae | Amalocalyx microlobus Pierre | xin ha (D), mu nuo qi cha (H), long rui biu (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Fruit | Salad | C - 116 | W | Y | 0.98 |
Apocynaceae | Dregea volubilis (Linnaeus f.) Bentham ex J. D. Hooker | pa men (D), ku teng (H), ma ying mei (Y) | Woody vine | Flower; tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 193 | W, C | Y | 0.94 |
Apocynaceae | Urceola rosea (Hooker & Arnott) D. J. Middleton | song long (D) | Woody vine | Tender stem and leaf | Sour condiment | C - 043 | W | N | 0.27 |
Araceae | Amorphophallus krausei Engler | yi luo (D), gei ang (H), gui (Y) | Herb | Rhizome | Potherb | C - 156 | W | Y | 0.96 |
Araceae | Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. | bo rui (D), biu o (H), hou min deng (Y) | Herb | Rhizome; flower; petiole | Potherb | C - 051 | C | Y | 0.98 |
Araceae | Colocasia esculenta “Tonoimo” | pei wan (D), biu wo (H), hou gun di (Y) | Herb | Rhizome; petiole | Potherb | C - 180 | C | Y | 0.83 |
Araceae | Colocasia fallax Schott | bo rui (D), biu o (H), hou dan (Y) | Herb | Rhizome; petiole | Potherb | C - 068 | W | N | 0.77 |
Araceae | Colocasia gigantea (Blume) Hook. f. | bo rui (D), you ti (H), hou bu (Y) | Herb | Petiole | Potherb | C - 084 | W, C | Y | 0.9 |
Araceae | Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites | pa bo nan (D), ci bao cai (H), gian dei ai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 131 | W | Y | 0.93 |
Araliaceae | Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem. | pa dan (D), ci bao cai (H), dong gong yang (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 055 | W | Y | 0.61 |
Araliaceae | Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Blume) Regel | guo dan (D), ta bi ta la (H), dong gong lu (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 152 | W | N | 0.06 |
Araliaceae | Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (L.) S.Y. Hu | ha bing (D), wu jiao fu (H), ci wu jia (Y) | Shrub | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb; salad | C - 017 | W, C | Y | 0.98 |
Araliaceae | Macropanax dispermus (Blume) Kuntze | a sa ding (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 089 | W | Y | 0.15 |
Araliaceae | Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C. A. Meyer | san qi (H), dang sa wang (Y) | Herb | Root | Liquor brewing; tonic soup | Z - 9429 | W | Y | 0.15 |
Araliaceae | Panax zingiberensis C.Y. Wu & K.M. Feng | san qi (H), dang sa (Y) | Herb | Root | Liquor brewing; tonic soup | T - 44035 | W | Y | 0.14 |
Araliaceae | Trevesia palmata (Roxburgh ex Lindley) Visiani | pa dan (D), dong gong lu (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 070 | W | Y | 0.17 |
Arecaceae | Calamus henryanus Becc. | wai (D), ge lan bie (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Tender stem heart | Potherb | C - 164 | W | N | 0.05 |
Arecaceae | Caryota maxima Blume ex Martius | guo zhu (D), dong zong (H), dei din (Y) | Tree | Tender stem heart | Potherb | C - 173 | W | Y | 0.86 |
Arecaceae | Caryota obtusa Griffith | guo bang (D), la wo ba ma (H), dei din (Y) | Tree | Tender stem heart | Potherb | C - 132 | W | Y | 0.49 |
Arecaceae | Livistona saribus (Lour.) Merr. ex A. Chev. | ma guo (D), guo (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Potherb | C - 157 | W | Y | 0.18 |
Asparagaceae | Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wallich) Royle | ma wei gen (D), huo pi da guo (H), bing du jiang (Y) | Herb | Root | Tonic soup | C - 013 | W, C | Y | 0.41 |
Asparagaceae | Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. | ma wei gen (D), huo pi da guo (H), bing du lu (Y) | Herb | Root | Tonic soup | C - 134 | W, C | Y | 0.44 |
Asteraceae | Arctium lappa L. | niu ban zi gen (H), niu bang zi geng (Y) | Herb | Root | Tonic soup | C - 192 | C | Y | 0.27 |
Asteraceae | Bidens pilosa L. | ya dong long (D), za qie mo (H), ma zhan (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 085 | W | N | 0.76 |
Asteraceae | Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore | ya ge la (D), ming guo cao (H), dong ma gun (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 006 | W | Y | 0.93 |
Asteraceae | Elephantopus scaber L. | ya din dian (D), bo ga ga sa (H), ma bie min (Y) | Herb | Root | Tonic soup | C - 140 | W | Y | 0.56 |
Asteraceae | Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. | pa bong bang (D) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 170 | W, C | N | 0.06 |
Asteraceae | Sonchus oleraceus L. | ku mei cai (Y) | Herb | Young leaf | Potherb | C - 080 | W | N | 0.11 |
Athyriaceae | Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sm. | guo gun (D), de pi (H), jiao gai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 049 | W | Y | 0.96 |
Athyriaceae | Diplazium esculentum var. pubescens Tardeiu et C. Chr. | pa guo (D), da guo guo me (H), jiao gai lu (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 086 | W | N | 0.36 |
Balsaminaceae | Impatiens mengtszeana J. D. Hooker | ya die da (D), la you (H), gei gai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 088 | W | N | 0.24 |
Basellaceae | Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis | pa bang (D), mei dang sha (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 041 | W, C | Y | 0.21 |
Begoniaceae | Begonia augustinei Hemsl. | pa gan song (D), pa che e ge (H), a ei (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf; stem | Potherb; sour condiment | C - 214 | W | N | 0.76 |
Begoniaceae | Begonia longifolia Blume | pa gan song (D), yao me che ge (H), a ei dan (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf; stem | Potherb; sour condiment | C - 087 | W | N | 0.68 |
Begoniaceae | Begonia silletensis subsp. mengyangensis Tebbitt & K. Y. Guan | pa gan song (D), yao me che ge (H), a ei lu (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf; stem | Potherb; sour condiment | C - 167 | W | N | 0.72 |
Bignoniaceae | Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem. | lao gei (D), xie xie a yi (H), mao dei fan (Y) | Tree | Flower; fruit | Potherb | C - 072 | W | N | 0.59 |
Bignoniaceae | Markhamia stipulata var. kerrii Sprague | lao gei (D), xie xie a yi (H), mao dei fan (Y) | Tree | Flower; fruit | Potherb | C - 138 | W | N | 0.6 |
Bignoniaceae | Mayodendron igneum (Kurz) Kurz | lao bie (D), guo te guo me a ye (H), nia long fan (Y) | Tree | Flower | Potherb | C - 027 | W | Y | 0.99 |
Bignoniaceae | Oroxylum indicum (L.) Bentham ex Kurz | lin deng a (D), bu gu bu lie (H), dao din (Y) | Tree | Flower; fruit; tender stem and leaf | Potherb; salad | C - 189 | W, C | Y | 0.97 |
Boraginaceae | Trichodesma calycosum Coll. et Hemsl. | mao duo da (D), deng long fang (Y) | Shrub | Flower | Potherb | C - 109 | W | Y | 0.39 |
Brassicaceae | Cardamine hirsuta L. | wang ye gai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 097 | W | N | 0.19 |
Brassicaceae | Nasturtium officinale R. Br. | pa nan (D), ye qing cai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 100 | W | Y | 0.71 |
Brassicaceae | Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern | pa ya guo mu (D) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 081 | W | N | 0.28 |
Cabombaceae | Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel. | pong (D), xin ga la mo (H) | Herb | Young leaf | Potherb | W - 81210 | W | N | 0.25 |
Campanulaceae | Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson | ma gong gui (D), ya li bo me (H), nian bao biu (Y) | Herb | Root; tender stem and leaf | Tonic soup; potherb | C - 191 | W | Y | 0.66 |
Campanulaceae | Lobelia nummularia Lam. | dong ke (D), di si liu (H), long nan ma (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Tonic soup | C - 091 | W | Y | 0.94 |
Capparaceae | Crateva unilocularis Buchanan-Hamilton | pa gong (D), wo ni kuo tuo luo (H), zhai niao gai (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Salad | C - 005 | W, C | Y | 0.95 |
Caricaceae | Carica papaya L. | gui su bao (D), me mao si (H), jin gua biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Salad; potherb | C - 016 | W, C | Y | 0.94 |
Caryophyllaceae | Brachystemma calycinum D. Don | ya ying ren (D), pi si li guo (H), du sha ma (Y) | Herb | Root | Tonic soup | C - 101 | W | Y | 0.44 |
Clusiaceae | Garcinia cowa Roxb. | guo da (D), yi ka bu duo si (H), ke diu biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Seasonal fruit | C - 213 | W | N | 0.44 |
Commelinaceae | Commelina communis L. | ya song (D), wa you (H), dang dai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 033 | W | N | 0.18 |
Commelinaceae | Streptolirion volubile Edgew. | bi (D), dang dai lu (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Inflorescence | Potherb | C - 210 | W | N | 0.11 |
Costaceae | Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C.D.Specht | mai eng (D), mi jie (H), mu long dong bia (Y) | Herb | Young shoot | Potherb | C - 073 | W | N | 0.09 |
Cucurbitaceae | Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt | ma dian lu (D), ni qi pi li po luo (H) | Herbaceous vine | Fruit | Potherb | C - 166 | C | N | 0.47 |
Cucurbitaceae | Cucumis hystrix Chakr. | dian song (D), a yao shuo kuo (H), lu gua biu (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Fruit | Salad | C - 215 | W | Y | 0.81 |
Cucurbitaceae | Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino | lei ya zha kuo (H), gai ya (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 039 | W | Y | 0.49 |
Cucurbitaceae | Hodgsonia heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook. f. et Thomson | man mo (D), er pi duo luo (H), geng gua mei biu (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Seed | Nut | C - 147 | W | Y | 0.7 |
Cucurbitaceae | Momordica subangulata Blume | huai (D), ku gua (H), lu gua yong biu (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Fruit | Potherb | C - 118 | W | N | 0.71 |
Cycadaceae | Cycas pectinata Buchanan-Hamilton | guo gu (D), da gu (H) | Tree | Young leaf | Potherb | C - 092 | W, C | N | 0.12 |
Dennstaedtiaceae | Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.)Underw.ex Heller | guo gun (D), da gu guo yao (H), jiao (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 034 | W | Y | 0.79 |
Dennstaedtiaceae | Pteridium revolutum (Blume) Nakai | guo gun (D), da gu guo ma (H), jiao lu (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 178 | W | Y | 0.74 |
Dilleniaceae | Dillenia indica L. | san (D), si pi luo me (H), bia huo biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Salad | C - 106 | W | N | 0.83 |
Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea alata L. | man bo (D), cao bao me (H), dei ling liu (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Rhizome | Potherb | C - 130 | W | Y | 0.75 |
Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea bulbifera L. | yi bao (D), ka la si (H), lu gong lai biu (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Rhizome | Potherb | C - 184 | W | N | 0.28 |
Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea esculenta var. spinosa (Roxb.ex Prain et Burkill) R.Knuth | man nan (D), me ci (H), duo bing liu (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Rhizome | Potherb | C - 165 | C | Y | 0.84 |
Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea fordii Prain & Burkill | man nei (D), me ka (H), le lan gun (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Rhizome | Potherb | C - 129 | W | Y | 0.62 |
Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea pentaphylla L. | yi bao (D), de de (H), dui yi bao (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Rhizome | Potherb | C - 115 | W | N | 0.51 |
Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea yunnanensis Prain & Burkill | man nei (D), a niu (H), lui wie (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Rhizome | Potherb | C - 209 | W | N | 0.45 |
Elaeagnaceae | Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. | luan (D), mu long ning biu (Y) | Woody vine | Fruit | Salad | C - 082 | W, C | Y | 0.96 |
Elaeocarpaceae | Elaeocarpus austroyunnanensis Hu | dao du biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Seasonal fruit | C - 146 | W | Y | 0.45 |
Ericaceae | Vaccinium exaristatum Kurz | ma di (D), a me te li (H), ge die yang (Y) | Tree | Fruit; tender stem and leaf | Seasonal fruit; potherb | C - 154 | W | N | 0.72 |
Ericaceae | Vaccinium harmandianum Dop | a mu te lie (H), ge die yang (Y) | Tree | Fruit; flower; tender stem and leaf | Potherb; seasonal fruit | C - 117 | W | N | 0.53 |
Erythropalaceae | Erythropalum scandens Blume | gai yang (Y) | Woody vine | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 197 | W | Y | 0.13 |
Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia neriifolia L. | k li ma (D), si lei bo dong (H), long gua (Y) | Tree | Stem | Tonic soup | C - 202 | W, C | N | 0.42 |
Euphorbiaceae | Manihot esculenta Crantz | men niu (D), la bi mu (H), jian lui (Y) | Shrub | Rhizome; tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 018 | W, C | Y | 0.83 |
Fabaceae | Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC. | song bai (D) | Woody vine | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb; sour condiment | C - 150 | W, C | N | 0.23 |
Fabaceae | Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. | pa ge da (D), tao pu (H), miao tei (Y) | Woody vine | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 199 | W, C | Y | 0.99 |
Fabaceae | Afgekia filipes (Dunn) R. Geesink | luo pai wang (D), mie yi (H), mei bie fang (Y) | Woody vine | Flower | Potherb | C - 045 | W | Y | 0.94 |
Fabaceae | Bauhinia variegata var. candida (Roxb.) Voigt | luo ke xiu (D), qie ti er yi (H), yang bian fang (Y) | Tree | Flower | Potherb | C - 025 | W | Y | 0.99 |
Fabaceae | Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. | tu ye (D), ne qie ke lie (H), de bei nie jian (Y) | Shrub | Seed | Potherb | C - 159 | W | N | 0.37 |
Fabaceae | Crotalaria pallida Ait. | ma chong chan (D), za kuo luo kuo (H), ge ling lu (Y) | Herb | Flower | Potherb | C - 037 | W | N | 0.2 |
Fabaceae | Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. | guo dong (D), ke xie a yi (H), mu long gian (Y) | Tree | Flower | Potherb | C - 208 | W | N | 0.28 |
Fabaceae | Millettia pachycarpa Benth. | shu nan yi (H), lai mei (Y) | Woody vine | Flower | Potherb | C - 056 | W | N | 0.02 |
Fabaceae | Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. | ke tuo (D), ne qi a yi (H), gua la lu (Y) | Woody vine | Flower | Potherb | C - 145 | W | N | 0.39 |
Fabaceae | Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. | ne qi a yi (H), mei lan (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Flower | Potherb | C - 046 | W | N | 0.27 |
Fabaceae | Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. | huo guo den (D), di le bu (H), ni ge ba (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Rhizome | Seasonal fruit; potherb | C - 162 | C | Y | 1 |
Fabaceae | Pueraria montana (Loureiro) Merrill | ke bie (D), qi guo (H), mei bie (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Root | Potherb | C - 050 | W, C | Y | 0.9 |
Gnetaceae | Gnetum montanum Markgraf | ke mei (D), pai li guo (H), ge mai mei(Y) | Woody vine | Seed | Nut | C - 067 | W | Y | 0.64 |
Hydroleaceae | Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl | pa bu yin (D), huang shang dang (H) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 206 | W | Y | 0.58 |
Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum chinense var. simplex (Moldenke) S.L. Chen | bei bing (D), de ga pa me (H), gong mie gian (Y) | Shrub | Young leaf | Potherb; Salad | C - 065 | W | N | 0.47 |
Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet | bei bing (D), de ga pa me (H) | Shrub | Flower | Salad; potherb; tonic soup | C - 137 | W, C | Y | 0.34 |
Lamiaceae | Elsholtzia blanda (Bentham) Bentham | ya you man nuai (D), lu gu me (H), dan mie (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Tea substitute | C - 127 | W | N | 0.45 |
Lamiaceae | Elsholtzia kachinensis Prain | pa leng (D), mi ge li guo (H), ma de dan (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Salad; potherb | C - 075 | W, C | Y | 1 |
Lamiaceae | Elsholtzia rugulosa Hemsley | pu la huo (D), ni ke ni ne (H), bu da za (Y) | Shrub | Tender stem and leaf | Tea substitute | C - 112 | W | N | 0.78 |
Lamiaceae | Gmelina arborea Roxb. | luo suo (D), a yi huo si (H) | Tree | Flower | Dye material to make brown sticky rice | C - 171 | W, C | N | 0.36 |
Lamiaceae | Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn | yi mu cao (H, Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb; tonic soup | C - 205 | W | Y | 0.17 |
Lamiaceae | Mentha canadensis L. | zha hong leng (D), lao su ba kuo (H) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Spices | C - 211 | W | N | 0.4 |
Lamiaceae | Mentha crispata Schrader ex Willdenow | huo leng (D), luo ci bo kuo (H), ma du lu (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Spices | C - 074 | C | Y | 1 |
Lamiaceae | Ocimum basilicum L. | gong guo (D), yi ge sa lan (H), jun gai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Spices | C - 079 | W, C | Y | 0.95 |
Lamiaceae | Ocimum basilicum var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth. | gan guo ten (D), ei se sa la (H) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Spices | C - 114 | W | N | 0.35 |
Lauraceae | Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisner | mai dang hu (D), shi xiao si (H), ge long jiang (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Spices | C - 094 | W, C | N | 0.14 |
Lauraceae | Cinnamomum subavenium Miq. | guo bai san (D), cuo pi cuo guo luo (H), ge long jiang(Y) | Tree | Bark | Spices | C - 124 | W | N | 0.29 |
Lauraceae | Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. | guo sai kai teng (D), si xiao si (H), ge zhang mu jiang (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Spices | C - 095 | W | Y | 0.94 |
Lygodiaceae | Lygodium salicifolium Presl | pa guo (D), da guo (H), bu gu jiao (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 158 | W | N | 0.17 |
Malvaceae | Bombax ceiba L. | guan niu (D), yi ka bu duo si (H), mu mian yang (Y) | Tree | Seed; flower | Nut; Potherb | C - 201 | W | N | 0.2 |
Melanthiaceae | Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti | chong le (D), chong lou (H, Y) | Herb | Root | Tonic soup | C - 172 | W, C | Y | 0.53 |
Melastomataceae | Melastoma malabathricum L. | guo gao (D), bi bi nan nan (H), bu zhang yang (Y) | Shrub | Fruit | Seasonal fruit | C - 048 | W | N | 0.67 |
Meliaceae | Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem. | fu mei rong (D), ye bu (H), xiang chun (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb; salad | C - 169 | W, C | Y | 0.94 |
Menispermaceae | Parabaena sagittata Miers | pan nan (D), xin ga la mo (H), gai mei (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 064 | W | Y | 1 |
Moraceae | Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. | ma mi (D), mi duo luo (H), long di biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Seasonal fruit | C - 161 | C | Y | 0.99 |
Moraceae | Broussonetia papyrifera (Linnaeus) L'Heritier ex Ventenat | guo sha (D), na sha er zi (H), rou yang (Y) | Tree | Flower; tender stem and leaf; fruit | Potherb | C - 212 | W | N | 0.33 |
Moraceae | Ficus auriculata Lour. | pa wa (D), na sha er zi (H), long o biu (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf; fruit | Potherb; seasonal fruit | C - 071 | W, C | Y | 0.93 |
Moraceae | Ficus racemosa L. | guo de (D), mo luo si (H), ge long bie biu (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf; fruit | Potherb | C - 144 | W | N | 0.31 |
Moraceae | Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Smith | nua (D), si guo si (H), bu luo biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Seasonal fruit | C - 057 | W | N | 0.9 |
Moraceae | Ficus virens Aiton | pa luo (D), nuo na zi (H), ge bpong yang (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 198 | W, C | Y | 0.93 |
Moraceae | Morus alba L. | mang men (D), shuo zi a bu (H), meng shou nan yang (Y) | Tree | Fruit; tender stem and leaf | Seasonal fruit; Potherb; liquor brewing | C - 002 | W, C | Y | 0.93 |
Musaceae | Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesm. | a pa duo gei (H), di bo (Y) | Herb | Tender stem heart | Potherb | C - 076 | W, C | Y | 0.61 |
Musaceae | Musa acuminata Colla | bi (D), an pe (H), di ban (Y) | Herb | Flower; tender stem heart | Potherb | C - 069 | W | Y | 0.9 |
Musaceae | Musa basjoo Siebold & Zuccarini | gui he (D), a si (H), biao diu (Y) | Herb | Fruit; flower; tender stem heart | Seasonal fruit; potherb | C - 204 | C | Y | 1 |
Musaceae | Musa itinerans Cheesman | bi (D), an ne (H), diu di (Y) | Herb | Flower; tender stem heart | Potherb | C - 136 | W | Y | 0.99 |
Musaceae | Musa yunnanensis Hakkinen & H. Wang | bi (D), an pe (H), di bu (Y) | Herb | Flower; tender stem heart | Potherb | C - 059 | W | Y | 0.89 |
Orchidaceae | Anthogonium gracile Lindl. | pa lai bo (D), guo si guo nuo (H), xiao bai ji (Y) | Herb | Rhizome | Tonic soup | C - 183 | W, C | Y | 0.35 |
Orchidaceae | Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. ex Paxton | luan nan gai (D), huang cao (H), me dao ying (Y) | Herb | Stem; flower | Tea substitute; liquor brewing; tonic soup | C - 174 | W, C | Y | 0.51 |
Orchidaceae | Dendrobium cucullatum R. Br. ex Lindl. | luan nan gai (D), huang cao (H), me dao lu (Y) | Herb | Stem; flower | Tea substitute; liquor brewing; tonic soup | C - 123 | W, C | Y | 0.52 |
Orchidaceae | Dendrobium devonianum Paxton | luan nan gai (D), huang cao (H), me dao dang (Y) | Herb | Stem | Tea substitute; liquor brewing; tonic soup | C - 122 | W, C | Y | 0.51 |
Orchidaceae | Dendrobium nobile Lindl. | luan nan gai (D), huang cao (H), me dao lu (Y) | Herb | Stem; flower | Tea substitute; liquor brewing; tonic soup | C - 128 | W, C | Y | 0.52 |
Oxalidaceae | Oxalis corniculata L. | pa yuan (D), an ni ze che (H), ma bian (Y) | Herb | Young leaf | Potherb | C - 014 | W | N | 0.5 |
Passifloraceae | Adenia cardiophylla (Mast.) Engl. | ma ti ga (D), a guo cha ba (H) | Herbaceous vine | Tender stem and leaf | Salad | C - 148 | W | N | 0.28 |
Passifloraceae | Passiflora caerulea Linnaeus | nuo wang wai (D), lao fan guo (H), luo han biu (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Tender stem and leaf; fruit | Potherb; seasonal fruit | C - 179 | W, C | Y | 1 |
Phyllanthaceae | Antidesma acidum Retz. | guo hua (D), pa che e si (H) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf; fruit | Salad; seasonal fruit | C - 149 | W | N | 0.31 |
Phyllanthaceae | Baccaurea ramiflora Loureiro | fai (D), si shuo si (H), men lai biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Seasonal fruit; salad | C - 060 | W, C | Y | 0.99 |
Phyllanthaceae | Bischofia javanica Blume | gao (D), si pu ge lie (H), ge ben jian (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf; fruit | Potherb; sour condiment | C - 058 | W | N | 0.81 |
Phyllanthaceae | Glochidion sphaerogynum (Müll. Arg.) Kurz | guan lei (D), wa lu jie pi (H) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 030 | W | N | 0.52 |
Phyllanthaceae | Phyllanthus emblica L. | ma bo (D), si cuo si (H), nia gong biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit; bark | Seasonal fruit; salad; liquor brewing | C - 200 | W | Y | 0.99 |
Phyllanthaceae | Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. | pa wan (D), qi du (H), shu tian cai (Y) | Shrub | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 004 | C | Y | 0.96 |
Phytolaccaceae | Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. | ni zhuo mo (H) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 104 | W | N | 0.13 |
Piperaceae | Piper flaviflorum C. DC. | ke pian (D), ke duo ye (H), lao mei (Y) | Woody vine | Stem; tender stem and leaf | Spices; potherb | C - 096 | W | N | 0.12 |
Piperaceae | Piper sarmentosum Roxb. | pa die (D) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 098 | W, C | N | 0.26 |
Plantaginaceae | Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merrill | shui ba guo (H), lan ba bo he (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Spices | C - 190 | W | N | 0.25 |
Plantaginaceae | Plantago asiatica L. | ya yin ren (D), a mei ye (H), ma dei gan (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 023 | W | Y | 0.36 |
Poaceae | Bambusa lapidea McClure | nuo piu (D), wo bu (H), lao jing (Y) | Herb | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 175 | W, C | N | 0.51 |
Poaceae | Cymbopogon citratus (D. C.) Stapf | sa kai (D), po pi (H), ge lao dang (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Spices | C - 022 | C | Y | 0.91 |
Poaceae | Dendrocalamus barbatus var. internodiradicatus Hsueh & D. Z. Li | mei huo (D), wo ne (H), lao bie (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 217 | W, C | Y | 1 |
Poaceae | Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz | mai wang (D), wo chi (H), lao gan (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 062 | W, C | Y | 0.98 |
Poaceae | Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro | mai sang (D), wo pu (H), lao bu bie (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 176 | W, C | Y | 0.85 |
Poaceae | Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro | mai bo (D), wo chi (H), lao gang (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 160 | W, C | Y | 1 |
Poaceae | Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro | mai ya (D), cha chu (H), lao gang (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 181 | W, C | Y | 0.98 |
Poaceae | Dendrocalamus semiscandens Hsueh & D.Z. Li | mai huo (D), wo nang (H), lao bai (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 120 | W | Y | 0.85 |
Poaceae | Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Raeuschel | ya ha (D), yi ke (H), gan (Y) | Herb | Root | Seasonal fruit | C - 032 | W | N | 0.39 |
Poaceae | Indosasa singulispicula T.H. Wen | mai kong (D), a ka bi (H), lao dong (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 182 | W, C | Y | 0.99 |
Poaceae | Indosasa sinica C.D. Chu & C.S. Chao | mai kong (D), a kuo kuo me (H), lao bao (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 121 | W, C | Y | 0.96 |
Poaceae | Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) Keng f. | nuo kong (D), a ka bi (H), lao dang ying (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 207 | W, C | Y | 1 |
Poaceae | Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro | nuo hei (D), pe (H), lao di (Y) | Bamboo | Bamboo | Potherb | C - 125 | W | N | 0.65 |
Poaceae | Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda | king er (D), me bu (H), ge lao mie (Y) | Herb | Tender stem heart | Potherb | C - 052 | W | N | 0.83 |
Polygonaceae | Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara | pa ge mong (D), luo zhuo guo (H), gai dui long (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb; sour condiment | C - 099 | W | Y | 0.98 |
Polygonaceae | Polygonum chinense L. | song bie (D), yao me chou ge (H), dang dun (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb; sour condiment | C - 061 | W | N | 0.81 |
Polygonaceae | Polygonum viscosum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | han fai (D), e nuo si pi (H), ma liu (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Spices | C - 102 | C | Y | 0.97 |
Pontederiaceae | Monochoria korsakowii Regel & Maack | pa hen (D), an mu (H), gai jiu ding (Y) | Herb | Young leaf | Potherb | C - 185 | W | N | 0.38 |
Pontederiaceae | Monochoria vaginalis (N. L. Burman) C. Presl ex Kunth | pa hen (D), an mu (H), gai jiu (Y) | Herb | Young leaf | Potherb | C - 133 | W | N | 0.63 |
Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleracea L. | pa bo liang (D), an ni ze che (H), ma ci xian (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 010 | W | N | 0.37 |
Primulaceae | Ardisia solanacea Roxb. | pa lei(D) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 036 | W | N | 0.16 |
Primulaceae | Embelia ribes N. L. Burman | an li ge si (H), gang dui biu (Y) | Woody vine | Fruit; tender stem and leaf | Seasonal fruit; salad | C - 044 | W | N | 0.55 |
Rosaceae | Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. | guo mian (D), si pi er si (H), biu meng yang (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Salad | C - 107 | W, C | Y | 0.99 |
Rosaceae | Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | guo kei gai (D), zha shuo si li (H), tang liu guo (Y) | Tree | Fruit; flower | Seasonal fruit; potherb | C - 168 | W | Y | 0.8 |
Rubiaceae | Canthium horridum Blume | ma kao nei (D), ya dai si (H), ning zhou jian (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Potherb | C - 040 | W | N | 0.43 |
Rubiaceae | Galium elegans Wallich | guo gan nuai (D) | Herb | Root | Tonic soup | C - 141 | W | N | 0.03 |
Rubiaceae | Paederia foetida L. | ke dun ma (D), ye kuo bu duo (H), gu fa mei (Y) | Herbaceous vine | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 126 | W | N | 0.3 |
Rutaceae | Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. | ga (D), mo zi la (H), za bu ga biu (Y) | Tree | Fruit | Spices | C - 142 | W | N | 0.65 |
Rutaceae | Zanthoxylum armatum DC. | bu ga (D), za la (H), lu ga jian (Y) | Tree | Fruit; tender stem and leaf | Spices | C - 021 | W, C | Y | 0.96 |
Rutaceae | Zanthoxylum myriacanthum var. pubescens (C.C. Huang) C.C. Huang | ma king (D) | Tree | Fruit | Spices | C - 196 | W, C | Y | 0.19 |
Rutaceae | Zanthoxylum scandens Blume | o ne e bi ne si (H), wei (Y) | Woody vine | Fruit | Spices | C - 108 | W | N | 0.15 |
Sabiaceae | Meliosma arnottiana (Wight) Walp. | ye jia yang (Y) | Tree | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 151 | W | N | 0.28 |
Saururaceae | Houttuynia cordata Thunb. | pa huai (D), ke sa li guo (H), lu lin gai (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Salad; tea substitute | C - 047 | W, C | Y | 0.99 |
Schisandraceae | Schisandra henryi subsp. yunnanensis (A. C. Smith) R. M. K. Saunders | ga zi ga nuo (H), dong jing dan (Y) | Woody vine | Fruit | Seasonal fruit | C - 093 | W | N | 0.24 |
Scrophulariaceae | Buddleja officinalis Maximowicz | luo fan (D), a yi huo si (H), nan wan fan (Y) | Tree | Flower | Dye material to make yellow sticky rice | C - 042 | W· | Y | 0.86 |
Solanaceae | Solanum americanum Miller | pa ding (D), ku li ba sa (H), gai ge liu (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 083 | W | Y | 1 |
Solanaceae | Solanum nigrum L. | pa ding (D), ku li ba sa (H), gai ge liu (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 028 | W | Y | 0.98 |
Solanaceae | Solanum spirale Roxburgh | pa lie (D), ku liao liao ye (H), gai ge lei lu (Y) | Shrub | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 078 | W, C | N | 0.36 |
Solanaceae | Solanum torvum Swartz | liang lao (D), mo si kuo (H), ge lan biu (Y) | Shrub | Fruit | Potherb | C - 003 | W | Y | 0.96 |
Solanaceae | Solanum undatum Lamarck | ke kua (D), ni ga zi (H), ge lan (Y) | Shrub | Fruit | Potherb; salad | C - 139 | W, C | Y | 0.73 |
Solanaceae | Solanum violaceum Ortega | lian huo (D), si kuo kao yao (H), ge lan di (Y) | Shrub | Fruit | Potherb | C - 163 | W | N | 0.17 |
Urticaceae | Elatostema dissectum Weddell | dong ma wang (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 119 | W | N | 0.12 |
Urticaceae | Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis | han zhan (D), pa bie (H), mu la (Y) | Herb | Tender stem and leaf | Potherb | C - 143 | W | N | 0.37 |
Zingiberaceae | Alpinia blepharocalyx K. Schum. | ma ga (D), ge bo bao (Y) | Herb | Inflorescence | Potherb | C - 063 | W | N | 0.39 |
Zingiberaceae | Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. | ha (D), mi pi duo pu (H), jiang miao (Y) | Herb | Young shoot; rhizome | Potherb; spices | C - 203 | W | N | 0.72 |
Zingiberaceae | Amomum coriandriodorum S. Q. Tong & Y. M. Xia | guo hao (D), cao guo (H), ya ma hao (Y) | Herb | Young leaf | Spices | C - 113 | W, C | Y | 0.49 |
Zingiberaceae | Amomum koenigii J. F. Gmelin | ma guo (D), mi jie (H), ge bo biu (Y) | Herb | Fruit | Seasonal fruit | C - 186 | W | N | 0.5 |
Zingiberaceae | Amomum maximum Roxb. | ma guo (D), mi jie (H), ge bo di (Y) | Herb | Fruit | Seasonal fruit | C - 155 | W | Y | 0.83 |
Zingiberaceae | Amomum villosum Lour. | mang nian (D), sha ren (H), sha ren (Y) | Herb | Young shoot; fruit | Seasonal fruit; tonic soup | C - 066 | W, C | Y | 0.55 |
Zingiberaceae | Etlingera yunnanensis (T. L. Wu & S. J. Chen) R. M. Smith | hen dun (D), mi jie (H), ge bo (Y) | Herb | Young shoot | Potherb | C - 216 | W | N | 0.2 |
Zingiberaceae | Zingiber orbiculatum S. Q. Tong | nuo eng (D), suo ya mi jie (H), ge bo bu (Y) | Herb | Young shoot | Potherb | C - 135 | W | Y | 0.96 |