Table 3 The top twenty taxa and their main medicinal uses with three or more UR

Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) BCN 96764

Aerial part

Anticatarrhal^1,2,5; buccal anti-inflammatory; buccal antiseptic^3,5; expectorant^1,2,3,5; external antiseptic^3,5; intestinal anti-inflammatory^2,5; ocular antiseptic⁵. Pharyngeal anti-inflammatory⁵; salutiferous^3,5; stomachic^2,3,5; vulnerary^3,5

Aerosol, bath, collutorium, gargarism, tisane

155

8.90

Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea (Oleaceae) BCN 125505

Fruit, leaf

Analgesic, antihelminthic, antihypertensive^3,5, antipyrotic, for earache, laxative³

Direct use, embrocation, liniment, tisane

89

5.11

Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae) BCN 140183

Inflorescence

Antibacterial^3,5; antidismenorrhoeal⁵; digestive^2,3,4,5; intestinal anti-inflammatory^1,2,3,4,5; ocular antiseptic⁵

Bath, tisane

81

4.65

Ruta chalepensis L. subsp. angustifolia (Pers.) Cout. (Rutaceae) BCN 140153

Aerial part

Abortive^3,5,+; antiasthmatic⁵; antineoplastic⁵; postpartum coadjuvant*; for sprains⁵; repellent

Direct use, tisane, unknown

81

4.65

Santolina chamaecyparissus L. subsp. squarrosa (DC.) Nyman (Asteraceae) BCN 96763

Aerial part

Antalgic/antiecchymotic/anti-inflammatory^3,5; anti-edematous; anti-inflammatory^3,5; anti-ulcerate³; buccal antiseptic⁺; cicatrizing; for sprains; vulnerary⁺

Bath, collutorium

69

3.96

Jasonia saxatilis (Lam.) Guss. (Asteraceae) BCN 125409

Aerial part

Anticatarrhal³; antihypertensive³; renal lithotriptic

Tisane

47

2.70

Lippia triphylla (L’Hér.) O. Kuntze (Verbenaceae) BCN 125394

Leaf

Antidismenorreic; intestinal anti-inflammatory³; digestive^3,5; tranquilizer^3,5

Tisane

37

2.13

Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) BCN 125508

Aerial part, flower, leaf

Anticatarrhal^1,2; antineoplastic; antitussive^1,2; intestinal anti-inflammatory¹; laxative; resolutive

Poultice, tisane, unknown

37

2.13

Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) BCN 150353

Fruit

Anti-inflammatory/muscular pain; pharyngeal anti-inflammatory; for sprains

Bath, direct use, poultice

36

2.07

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) BCN 156603

Aerial part

Anticatarrhal⁵; antihypertensive

Tisane

33

1.90

Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) BCN 29832

Bulb

Against bee bites⁵; analgesic⁵; antibacterian^3,5; antihelminthic^3,5; for earache⁵; for warts⁵; salutiferous^3,5

Direct use, poultice

32

1.84

Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae) BCN 96771

Inflorescence

Anticatarrhal^1,2,5; ocular antiseptic

Bath, tisane

30

1.72

Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) BCN 150364

Leaf

Cicatrizing³; resolutive

Bath

28

1.61

Dictamnus hispanicus Webb ex Willk. (Rutaceae) BCN 125519

Aerial part, leaf

Abortive; antihypertensive

Tisane

27

1.55

Eryngium campestre L. (Apiaceae) BCN 125407

Aerial part

Antiophidian; for rash

Direct use

27

1.55

Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (Equisetaceae) BCN 29982

Aerial part

Antihypertensive; diuretic

Tisane

26

1.49

Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae)

Latex

For warts

Direct use

25

1.44

Salvia officinalis L. subsp. lavandulifolia (Vahl) Gams (Lamiaceae) BCN 96762

Leaf

Antihypertensive⁵; hematocathartic

Tisane

25

1.44

Hypericum perforatum L. (Clusiaceae) BCN 96760

Flower

Antalgic/antiecchymotic/anti-inflammatory^4,5; for skin disorders

Liniment

24

1.38

Satureja fruticosa (L.) Briq. subsp. fruticosa (Lamiaceae) BCN 125387

Aerial part

Digestive^3,5; intestinal anti-inflammatory^3,5

Tisane

24

1.38