Plant no. | Scientific name | Family | Local name | Voucher no. | UR | UC | UV | CIV | UD | Disease or purpose | Parts useda | Preparation and administrationb | Quantity or dosage | Administration frequency | Experienced adverse or side effects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Andrographis paniculata Nees | Acanthaceae | White flower | USTH 015616 | 480 | 9 | 1.43 | 3.07 | 2.09 | Jaundice, colds, malaria; cancer; diabetes; hypertension, heart enlargement, atherosclerosis; cough, respiratory disease complex, sore throat; diarrhea, ulcer, dyspepsia, liver problem; abortifacient; fever, gas pain and flatulence | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | Can cause abortion in pregnant women |
Boils, skin rashes and itchiness, dermatitis | Wh | E | Apply decoction as wash | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
2 | Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz | Acanthaceae | Marvelosa or Serpentina | USTH 015622 | 583 | 6 | 1.74 | 2.90 | 1.74 | Colds; diabetes, beriberi; nervous breakdown; hypertension; diarrhea, stomachache; weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 glasses | Once a day for 3–5 days | None |
3 | Amaranthus spinosus L. | Amaranthaceae | Kudyapa | USTH 015589 | 211 | 9 | 0.63 | 2.75 | 2.06 | Diabetes; anemia; cough, bronchitis; dysentery, constipation; urinary tract infection; fever | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
Labor and delivery enhancer | Sd | I | Drink water-infused powdered seeds | 1–3 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Boils, psoriasis, skin rashes, eczema, pimple, acne; snake and scorpion bite | Lf | E | Apply leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | Thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
4 | Mangifera indica L. | Anacardiaceae | Mangga | USTH 015591 | 222 | 5 | 0.66 | 2.85 | 1.47 | Constipation | Fr | I | Eat fresh fruit directly | 1–3 fruits | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
Cough, cough with phlegm, sore throat | Lf | I | Drink hot water-infused leaves or decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Diarrhea, stomach trouble; headache | Bk | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Scabies; cuts and wounds | Bk, Lf | E | Rub crushed leaves or scraped bark | 3–5 leaves, 1 palm-sized bark | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
5 | Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz | Anacardiaceae | Abihid | USTH 015599 | 372 | 4 | 1.11 | 2.33 | 1.39 | Colds; diabetes; cough; fever | Bk, Lf | I | Drink decoction of leaves and scraped bark | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day for 3 days or as needed | None |
Colds; fever | Bk, Lf | E | Bath water-infused leaves and scraped bark | 1 pail | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
6 | Annona muricata L. | Annonaceae | Guyabano | USTH 015593 | 209 | 8 | 0.62 | 2.17 | 2.02 | Cancer; diabetes; hypertension; dysentery | Fr | I | Eat fresh fruit directly | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a week or as needed | In excess can cause blood viscosity |
Ascariasis; cough; stomach trouble, stomach acidity; urination difficulty, urinary tract infection | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Skin eruptions, eczema | Lf, Sp | E | Apply leaf sap or crushed leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
7 | Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson | Annonaceae | Anangilan or Ilang-ilang | USTH 015577 | 358 | 7 | 1.07 | 2.47 | 1.85 | Colds; cough; stomach trouble, ulcer; fever, body chills | Bk, Lf | I | Drink decoction | 5–7 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Scabies, athlete's foot; pimple; rheumatism, swollen muscles or swellings, muscle pain; insect bites | Fl | E | Apply oil from steamed flowers | Completely on affected part | 3–5 times a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
8 | Friesodielsia lanceolata (Merr.) Steen. | Annonaceae | Talimughat taas | USTH 015558 | 198 | 3 | 0.59 | 2.08 | 0.90 | Muscle pain; labor and delivery enhancer, postpartum care and recovery; backache, body ache, weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm, relapse | Bk, Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day up to 3 days or as needed | None |
9 | Uvaria zschokkei Elmer | Annonaceae | Bigo | USTH 015662 | 195 | 5 | 0.58 | 0.70 | 1.56 | Amoebiasis; hypertension; fever, weakness and fatigue | St | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Hair loss; insect bites | St, Sp | E | Apply stem sap | 1/2–1 cup | As needed | None | ||||||||||
10 | Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G.Don | Apocynaceae | Dita | USTH 015546 | 386 | 9 | 1.15 | 2.71 | 2.04 | Tonic; ear congestion; cough; stomach trouble, toothache; urinary tract infection; abdominal pain, weakness and fatigue, hangover | Bk, Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Cuts and wounds, bruises and contusions, sprain | Lf | E | Apply crushed and heated leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Scabies, impetigo, ringworm; boils | Bk | E | Apply water-infused powdered bark | 1 glass | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Stomachache, snake bite | Bk | E | Drink local alcohol-tinctured bark | 1/2 to 1 glass | As needed | None | ||||||||||
11 | Anodendron borneense (King & Gamble) D.J.Middleton | Apocynaceae | Lunas tag-uli | USTH 015639 | 1134 | 12 | 3.39 | 3.68 | 2.22 | Cancer; diabetes; ear infections; diarrhea, stomach trouble, ulcer, toothache; arthritis, rheumatism; pregnancy; body ache, weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm, relapse; poisoning | Sp, St | I | Drink stem sap | 1–3 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
Colon and prostate cancer, cyst, tumor; diabetes; hypertension; pulmonary tuberculosis; diarrhea, stomach trouble, ulcer, toothache, swollen gums; arthritis, rheumatism; impotence and sterility, postpartum care and recovery; body ache, weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm, relapse, gas pain, and flatulence; sprain; poisoning | St | I | Drink local alcohol-tinctured or decocted stem | 1/2 to 1 glass | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Scabies, warts, impetigo, typhoid fever; boils, skin eruptions, skin rashes, and itchiness; arthritis, rheumatism, swellings, muscle pain; backache, body ache, weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm, relapse gas pain and flatulence; allergy, burns, cuts and wounds, sprain, animal and insect bites, contacts with plants and animal parts | St | E | Apply coconut or Efficascent oil-infused stem | Completely on affected part | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
12 | Hoya imbricata Decne. | Apocynaceae | Pikot-pikot | USTH 015618 | 57 | 2 | 0.17 | 0.86 | 0.69 | Boils; cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Apply coconut oil-infused burned and powdered leaves | Completely on affected part | As needed | None |
13 | Alocasia zebrina Schott ex Van Houtte | Araceae | Lunas gabi | USTH 015614 | 44 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.60 | 0.00 | Allergy, cuts and wounds, snake and insect bite, poisoning | Lf, Sp, St | E | Apply stem or leaf sap | Completely on affected part | Once a day or as needed | None |
14 | Homalomena philippinensis Engl. ex Engl. & K.Krause | Araceae | Payaw | USTH 015597 | 466 | 7 | 1.39 | 2.00 | 1.83 | Colds; body ache, headache, fever | Lf, St | I/E | Sniff sliced and pounded leaf and stem or tie leaf and stem around the neck | 1–3 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None |
Tonsillitis; pregnancy, impotence and sterility, labor and delivery enhancer | Rz | I | Drink extracted juice from crushed rhizome | 1–3 cups | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Rheumatism; cuts and wounds | Rz | E | Apply extracted juice from crushed rhizome | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Hemorrhoids | Lf | E | Insert heated young leaf | 1 leaf | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
15 | Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. | Araliaceae | Goto Kola | USTH 015563 | 263 | 4 | 0.78 | 1.78 | 1.39 | Diabetes; hypertension; fever | Lf | I | Eat fresh leaves directly or drink decocted leaves | 3–5 leaves; 1 cup | Once a day or as needed | In excess can cause anemia, dizziness and weakening |
Cuts and wounds | Lf, Sp | E | Apply leaf sap or crushed leaves as poultice | 1–3 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
16 | Areca catechu L. | Arecaceae | Huling-huling | USTH 015610 | 42 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.70 | 0.69 | Breast cancer | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
17 | Calamus megaphyllus Becc. | Arecaceae | Kapi | USTH 015608 | 168 | 4 | 0.50 | 1.65 | 1.28 | Hypertension; asthma; diarrhea, dyspepsia, gastritis, indigestion; arthritis, rheumatism | Rz | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None |
18 | Thottea affinis (Planch. ex Rolfe) ined. | Aristolochiaceae | Salimbagat | USTH 015643 | 278 | 3 | 0.83 | 1.75 | 1.10 | Amoebiasis; cancer; toothache | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
19 | Dracaena roxburghiana (Schult.f.) Byng & Christenh. | Asparagaceae | Espada-espada | USTH 015647 | 78 | 2 | 0.23 | 0.67 | 0.69 | Boils; snake bite | Lf | E | Apply leaf sap or pounded leaves as poultice | 5–7 drops | As needed | None |
20 | Acmella grandiflora (Turcz.) R.K.Jansen | Asteraceae | Lunas pilipo | USTH 015548 | 396 | 4 | 1.18 | 2.40 | 1.33 | Toothache; anesthetic | Fl | I | Apply fresh flower directly | 1–3 flowers | As needed | None |
Skin rashes and itchiness, psoriasis; cuts and wounds; anesthetic | Fl, Lf | E | Apply crushed flower or leaves as poultice | 1–3 flowers, 5–7 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
21 | Ageratum conyzoides L. | Asteraceae | Albahaca | USTH 015602 | 77 | 3 | 0.23 | 1.89 | 1.10 | Abortifacient; weakness and fatigue | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 cups | Once a day or as needed | Can cause abortion in pregnant women |
Cuts and wounds | E | Apply pounded leaves as poultice | 1–3 leaves | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | |||||||||||
22 | Artemisia vulgaris L. | Asteraceae | Helbas | USTH 015619 | 365 | 4 | 1.09 | 1.60 | 1.24 | Asthma, cough, cough with phlegm; diarrhea, dyspepsia; delayed menstruation; relapse | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | In excess can cause anemia, dizziness and weakening |
Abdominal pain, body ache, fever, cramp, and spasm | Lf | E | Apply crushed leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
23 | Bidens pilosa L. | Asteraceae | Tuway-tuway | USTH 015582 | 218 | 5 | 0.65 | 1.67 | 1.26 | Colds; diarrhea; muscle pain; backache, body ache, fever, weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm, relapse, gas pain, and flatulence | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day up to 3 days or as needed | None |
Cuts and wounds, animal and insect bites | Lf | E | Apply crushed leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
24 | Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. | Asteraceae | Gabon | USTH 015573 | 412 | 6 | 1.23 | 2.60 | 1.58 | Hypertension; cough, cough with phlegm; urination difficulty; postpartum care and recovery; body ache, headache, fever, weakness and fatigue, gas pain and flatulence | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day for 3 days or as needed | None |
Headache | Lf | E | Apply steamed or pounded leaves in the forehead | 1–3 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Boils, skin rashes | Lf | E | Apply leaves as poultice | 1–3 leaves | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
25 | Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. | Asteraceae | Hagonoy | USTH 015632 | 448 | 5 | 1.34 | 2.50 | 1.56 | Tumor; hemorrhage; fever | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day for 3 days or as needed | None |
Boils; burns, cuts, and wounds | Lf | E | Apply leaf sap or crushed leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
26 | Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. | Asteraceae | Kanding-kanding | USTH 015587 | 476 | 5 | 1.42 | 2.78 | 1.42 | Colds, malaria; pulmonary tuberculosis; dog bite | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
Chicken pox, herpes simplex, measles; boils, skin eruptions, skin rashes and itchiness; weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm | Fl, Lf, Rt | E | Bath water-infused leaves and roots or burn leaves and roots as incense | 1 pail as bath or 1 bowl as incense | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
27 | Erechtites valerianifolius (Link ex Spreng.) DC. | Asteraceae | Gapas-gapas bae | USTH 015666 | 208 | 3 | 0.62 | 2.25 | 1.01 | Stomachache, dyspepsia; body ache, headache, gas pain, and flatulence | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Cuts and wounds | Lf, Sp | E | Apply sap or leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
28 | Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. | Asteraceae | Ashitaba | USTH 015645 | 215 | 4 | 0.64 | 2.50 | 1.33 | Emphysema, cough; diarrhea, stomach trouble; kidney stones; abdominal pain | Lf | I | Drink brewed tea-prepared leaves or decoction | 3–5 cups | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
29 | Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob. | Asteraceae | Moti-moti | USTH 015543 | 397 | 6 | 1.19 | 2.75 | 1.67 | Cough; ulcer | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None |
Sore eyes | Lf, Sp | I | Drop leaf sap | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Skin rashes and itchiness; cuts and wounds, snake and scorpion bites; circumcision antiseptic | Lf | E | Apply leaf sap or crushed leaves as poultice | 5–7 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
30 | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss.) Rohr | Asteraceae | Kukog banog | USTH 015564 | 500 | 5 | 1.49 | 2.50 | 1.44 | Urination difficulty, kidney problem, urinary bladder swelling, delayed menstruation, urinary tract infection; fever, weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm | Lf, Rt | I | Drink brewed tea-prepared leaves or decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
Sore eyes; eczema, skin rashes, and itchiness; cuts and wounds, sprain, snake bite | Lf, Sp | E | Apply drops of leaf sap | Completely on affected part | Thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
31 | Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. | Athyriaceae | Pako-pako | USTH 015545 | 212 | 5 | 0.63 | 1.92 | 1.56 | Colds; cough; diarrhea, dysentery; labor and delivery enhancer, postpartum care and recovery; body ache, headache, fever | Sh | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None |
32 | Begonia contracta Warb. | Begoniaceae | Budag-budag | USTH 015654 | 85 | 2 | 0.25 | 1.33 | 0.64 | Pimple, dandruff; burns | Fl, Lf | E | Apply crushed flower and leaves as poultice | 1–3 flowers, 1–3 leaves | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
33 | Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. | Bombacaceae | Doldol | USTH 015535 | 140 | 5 | 0.42 | 2.14 | 1.55 | Diabetes; pulmonary tuberculosis; diarrhea, dysentery; rheumatism, swollen muscles; snake bite | Bk, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
34 | Ehretia microphylla Lam. | Boraginaceae | Alangitngit or Tsaang-Gubat | USTH 015638 | 336 | 4 | 1.00 | 2.60 | 1.39 | Diabetes; nervous breakdown; stomach acidity; food and drug allergy | Lf | I | Drink tea-prepared leaves | 1/2 to 1 cup | Once a day for 3 days or as needed | None |
35 | Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. | Bromeliaceae | Pinya | USTH 015667 | 226 | 7 | 0.67 | 1.71 | 1.85 | Ascariasis, amoebiasis; cancer; diabetes; hypertension; constipation, stomach acidity | Fr | I | Eat fresh fruit directly | 1–3 slices | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Headache, fever, weakness, and fatigue | Lf, Sh | E | Apply crushed shoot or leaves as poultice | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Cancer; swellings | Lf | I/E | Drink decoction or apply decocted leaves | 3–5 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
36 | Abroma augusta (L.) L.f. | Byttneriaceae | Samboligawn | USTH 015637 | 329 | 8 | 0.98 | 2.69 | 1.98 | Diabetes, tonic; bronchitis; stomachache; dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation; sterility | Bk, Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
Scabies; boils, skin eruptions, dermatitis; cuts and wounds | Bk, Lf | E | Apply decoction as wash | 1–3 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
37 | Kleinhovia hospita L. | Byttneriaceae | Bitan-ag | USTH 015631 | 146 | 6 | 0.44 | 2.50 | 1.70 | Tumor; asthma, pneumonia, cough; dyspepsia, liver problem; headache; baby teething | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
Scabies; psoriasis | Lf | E | Apply crushed leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
38 | Melochia umbellata (Houtt.) Stapf | Byttneriaceae | Banitlong | USTH 015649 | 265 | 4 | 0.79 | 1.76 | 1.24 | Rheumatism; backache, body ache, headache | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Canker sore; burns | Lf | E | Apply leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
39 | Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don | Campanulaceae | Elepanteng puti | USTH 015583 | 213 | 5 | 0.64 | 1.83 | 1.56 | Toothache | Lf | I | Apply chewed or pounded leaves | 1–3 leaves | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Nervous breakdown; asthma, bronchitis; fever | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Apply decoction | 1 glass | As needed | None | ||||||||||
40 | Carica papaya L. | Caricaceae | Kapayas laki | USTH 015668 | 659 | 6 | 1.97 | 2.92 | 1.64 | Constipation, dyspepsia; milk production enhancer | Fr | I | Eat fresh fruit directly | 1–3 slices | Once a day or as needed | None |
Tonic; asthma; stomach problem | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Dengue fever | Lf, Sp | I | Drink leaf sap | 5–7 leaves | Thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Body ache, fever, cramp, and spasm | Lf | I | Apply crushed and heated leaves as poultice | 1–3 leaves | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
41 | Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume | Clusiaceae/Guttiferae | Bansilay | USTH 015541 | 96 | 4 | 0.29 | 2.33 | 1.33 | Colds; cough; dysentery | Bk, Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Toothache | Lf | I | Apply chewed or pounded leaves | 3–5 leaves | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Impetigo; cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Apply pounded leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
42 | Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) Govaerts | Costaceae | Tambabasi or Tawasi | USTH 015578 | 744 | 8 | 2.22 | 2.58 | 2.03 | Diabetes, goiter; migraine; ear congestion; cough, lung nodule; urination difficulty, kidney problem; headache, fever | Lf, Rz | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day up to 3 days or as needed | None |
Diarrhea, stomachache, dysentery | St | I | Drink stem sap | 1/2 cup | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Sore eyes | Lf | I | Apply leaf sap | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
43 | Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. | Crassulaceae | Hanlilika | USTH 015584 | 486 | 12 | 1.45 | 2.88 | 2.21 | Diabetes; anemia, hypertension; asthma; cough; constipation, diarrhea, stomach trouble, hemorrhoids; kidney stone; labor and delivery enhancer; fever | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None |
Herpes simplex; hemorrhoids; boils, eczema; swellings; burns, cuts and wounds, bruises and contusions, insect bites | Lf | I | Apply decocted leaves as wash | 1–3 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Abdominal pain, body ache, headache, fever | Lf | E | Apply heated leaves as hot compress | 1–3 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
44 | Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H.Pfeiff. | Cyperaceae | Busikad | USTH 015571 | 254 | 6 | 0.76 | 1.38 | 1.61 | Chicken pox, measles; cancer; cough; stomach acidity; fever, relapse, gas pain and flatulence; sprain | Wh | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Baby teething | Fl | I | Drink water-infused flower | 1/2–1 glass | Once to thrice a day | None | ||||||||||
45 | Stenomeris borneensis Oliv. | Dioscoreaceae | Banag | USTH 015537 | 540 | 6 | 1.61 | 2.36 | 1.70 | Myoma; migraine; arthritis, rheumatism; urination difficulty, urinary bladder swelling; postpartum care and recovery; headache, cramp and spasm, relapse | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day for 3 days or as needed | None |
46 | Euphorbia hirta L. | Euphorbiaceae | Tawa-tawa | USTH 015665 | 305 | 7 | 0.91 | 2.80 | 1.85 | Colds, dengue fever; asthma; diarrhea, vomiting; fever | Wh | I | Drink decoction of whole plant except flowers | 5–7 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | In excess can cause thrombocytopenia |
Ringworm; sore eyes; boils, skin rashes, and itchiness; cuts and wounds | Lf | I/E | Apply leaf sap or decocted leaves | 5–7 leaves | Thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
47 | Jatropha curcas L. | Euphorbiaceae | Tuba-tuba puti | USTH 015595 | 495 | 7 | 1.48 | 2.66 | 1.79 | Colds; pulmonary tuberculosis; diarrhea; arthritis, rheumatism; backache, body ache, fever, weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm, relapse, gas pain, and flatulence | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None |
Scabies, ringworm; ear infection, discharging ear; toothache; swollen muscles and swellings; cuts and wounds, fracture and dislocation, animal and insect bites | Bk, Rt | I/E | Apply decoction or pounded scraped bark as poultice | 1–3 palm-sized barks, 1/2–1 arm-sized roots | As needed | None | ||||||||||
48 | Jatropha gossypifolia L. | Euphorbiaceae | Tuba-tuba tapol | USTH 015586 | 810 | 9 | 2.41 | 2.83 | 1.94 | Colds, malaria, typhoid fever; pulmonary tuberculosis; diarrhea; arthritis, rheumatism; dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation; backache, body ache, fever, weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm, relapse, gas pain, and flatulence | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 leaves, 1/2–1 arm-sized roots | Once a day or as needed | None |
Ringworm; boils, carbuncles, dermatitis; swollen muscles and swellings, muscle pain; backache, body ache, fever; cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Bath or wash decocted leaves | 1–3 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Scabies, ringworm; ear infection, discharging ear; toothache, mouth sore; cuts and wounds, fracture and dislocation, animal and insect bites | Bk, Rt | I/E | Apply decoction or pounded scraped bark as poultice | 1–3 palm-sized barks, 1/2–1 arm-sized roots | As needed | None | ||||||||||
49 | Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. & Zoll. | Euphorbiaceae | Awom | USTH 015621 | 485 | 5 | 1.45 | 2.33 | 1.56 | Beriberi; emphysema, cough; diarrhea, stomach trouble | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Fibroma; body ache, weakness, and fatigue | Bk, Fl, Lf | E | Apply fresh or heated flower, leaves, and bark; sometimes mixed with little salt | 1–3 flowers, 1–3 leaves, 1–3 palm-sized barks | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
50.1 | Omalanthus macradenius Pax & Hoffm. | Euphorbiaceae | Banti puti | USTH 015633 | 202 | 3 | 0.60 | 1.77 | 1.04 | Impetigo; diarrhea, stomach trouble; cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Apply pounded leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
50.2 | Omalanthus macradenius Pax & Hoffm. | Euphorbiaceae | Banti tapol | USTH 015554 | 203 | 3 | 0.61 | 1.60 | 1.04 | Impetigo; diarrhea, stomach trouble; cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Apply pounded leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
51 | Bauhinia sp. | Fabaceae | Talimughat pikas | USTH 015575 | 284 | 4 | 0.85 | 1.50 | 1.22 | Rheumatism, muscle pain; delayed menstruation; labor and delivery enhancer, postpartum care and recovery; backache, body ache, weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm, relapse | Lf, St | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day up to 3 days or as needed | None |
52 | Crotalaria incana L. | Fabaceae | Sagay-sagay | USTH 015572 | 84 | 5 | 0.25 | 1.60 | 1.24 | Myoma; hormonal imbalance; cough; constipation; fever, weakness and fatigue, relapse | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day up to 3 days or as needed | None |
53 | Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Steud. | Fabaceae | Madre de Cacao | USTH 015620 | 153 | 6 | 0.46 | 1.83 | 1.68 | Scabies; boils, skin eruption, skin rashes, and itchiness; cuts and wounds | Lf, Sp | E | Apply leaf sap or pounded leaves as poultice | Completely on affected part | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Eczema, dermatitis; arthritis and rheumatism; burns, cuts and wounds, bruises and contusions | Bk, Rt, Sp | E | Apply sap or decocted bark or root | Completely on affected part | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Abortifacient, postpartum care, and recovery | Lf | E | Burn leaves as incense or apply heated leaves as hot compress | 3–5 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Body ache, headache, fever; fracture and dislocation, sprain | Bk | E | Apply scraped bark as poultice | 1–3 palm-sized barks | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
54 | Mimosa pudica L. | Fabaceae | Hibi-hibi or makahiya | USTH 015570 | 355 | 8 | 1.06 | 2.29 | 1.97 | Diabetes; hypertension; asthma, dysentery; urination difficulty; fever | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
Baby teething | Rt | I | Drink water-infused peeled roots | 1/2 to 1 cup | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Mumps; boils; child sleeplessness, malaise, and fatigue | Sh | E | Apply hot water-infused shoots | 1/2 to 1 glass | As needed | None | ||||||||||
55 | Ormosia macrodisca Baker | Fabaceae | Bahay | USTH 015625 | 522 | 5 | 1.56 | 2.36 | 1.56 | Atherosclerosis (high cholesterol) | Fr | I | Eat fresh fruit directly | 1–3 fruits | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Typhoid fever; nervous breakdown; high cholesterol; kidney problem; fever | Bk | I | Drink decoction or local alcohol-tinctured bark | 1/2 to 1 cup | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Nervousness; skin numbness | Bk, Rt | E | Apply Efficascent oil-infused bark and root | Fill a 250 ml glass bottle with bark and roots | As needed | None | ||||||||||
56.1 | Phanera semibifida (Roxb.) Benth. | Fabaceae | Alibangbang puti | USTH 015646 | 66 | 1 | 0.20 | 1.11 | 0.00 | Internal bleeding, hemorrhage | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
56.2 | Phanera semibifida (Roxb.) Benth. | Fabaceae | Alibangbang tapol | USTH 015634 | 53 | 1 | 0.16 | 1.00 | 0.00 | Internal bleeding, hemorrhage | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
57 | Callicarpa pedunculata R.Br. | Lamiaceae | Awoy | USTH 015661 | 378 | 4 | 1.13 | 1.50 | 1.28 | Ulcer, pancreatitis, fatty liver; weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm | Lf | I | Drink hot water-infused leaves | 1/2 to 1 cup | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Asthma | Lf | E | Burn leaves as incense | 1–3 leaves | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Swollen muscles, muscle pain; backache, body ache | Lf | E | Apply leaves as poultice | 1–3 leaves | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
58 | Coleus amboinicus Lour. | Lamiaceae | Kalabo | USTH 015617 | 380 | 4 | 1.13 | 1.78 | 1.31 | Asthma, cough, cough with phlegm; dyspepsia; abdominal pain, gas pain, and flatulence | Lf | I | Eat leaves directly or drink decoction | 1/2 to 1 cup | Once to thrice a day or as needed | In excess can cause anemia, weakness, and allergy |
Burns, bruised and contusions, insect bites | Lf | E | Apply water-infused leaves | 1–3 glasses | As needed | None | ||||||||||
59.1 | Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. | Lamiaceae | Mayana kanapkap | USTH 015567 | 260 | 5 | 0.78 | 1.67 | 1.47 | Anemia; asthma, pneumonia, cough; dyspepsia; gas pain and flatulence | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 glasses | Once a day for 3–5 days or as needed | None |
Cuts and wounds, bruises and contusions, sprain | Lf, Sp | E | Apply leaf sap or crushed leaves as poultice | 5–7 leaves | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
59.2 | Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. | Lamiaceae | Mayana pula | USTH 015644 | 414 | 6 | 1.24 | 2.25 | 1.59 | Anemia; asthma, pneumonia, emphysema, pulmonary tuberculosis, cough; ulcer, dyspepsia; gas pain and flatulence | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 glasses | Once a day for 3–5 days or as needed | None |
Conjunctivitis | Lf | I | Apply decoction as drop | Completely on affected part | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Cuts and wounds, bruises and contusions, sprain | Lf | E | Apply crushed leaves as poultice | 5–7 leaves | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
60 | Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. | Lamiaceae | Gmelina | USTH 015635 | 335 | 5 | 1.00 | 1.83 | 1.49 | Toothache, gum swelling | Lf | I | Apply chewed or pounded leaves | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None |
Discharging ear | Fr | I | Drop extract of heated fruit | 1–3 fruits | As needed | Poisonous when eaten | ||||||||||
Stomach bloating; maternal care; headache, gas pain and flatulence; cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Apply leaves directly or as poultice | 1–3 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
61 | Hyptis capitata Jacq. | Lamiaceae | Sawan-sawan | USTH 015574 | 498 | 7 | 1.49 | 2.56 | 1.85 | Colds, malaria; cough; diarrhea, stomachache; new-born baby care; fever, gas pain and flatulence | Lf | I | Drink decoction or leaf sap | 3–5 glasses decoction or 1/2 cup leaf sap (adult); 1/2 cup decoction or 1 teaspoonful leaf sap (baby) | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Delayed menstruation | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Toothache; cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Apply crushed leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
62 | Mentha arvensis L. | Lamiaceae | Herba buena | USTH 015669 | 174 | 6 | 0.52 | 2.71 | 1.59 | Measles; cough; diarrhea, dysentery; dysmenorrhea; headache, fever, cramp and spasm, gas pain and flatulence | Sh | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Asthma; dizziness and fainting | Lf | I | Sniff crushed leaves or leaves infused with hot water | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Toothache; headache, fever; insect bites | Lf | E | Apply chewed or crushed leaves | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
63 | Mentha canadensis L. | Lamiaceae | Sencia | USTH 015670 | 432 | 9 | 1.29 | 2.81 | 2.04 | Sinusitis, cough; stomachache, vomiting; delayed menstruation; backache, body ache, headache, fever, gas pain and flatulence | Lf | I | Drink hot water-infused leaves or decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Ringworm; ear infection and congestion; toothache | Lf | I/E | Apply leaf sap | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Muscle pain, abdominal pain; cuts and wounds, dislocation, snake bite | Lf | E | Apply crushed leaves as poultice | Completely on affected part | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Skin rashes and itchiness, acne; rheumatism; cuts and wounds; animal and insect bites | Lf | E | Apply decoction as wash | 5–7 leaves | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
64 | Ocimum basilicum L. | Lamiaceae | Sangig | USTH 015630 | 385 | 9 | 1.15 | 2.33 | 2.09 | Cough, cough with phlegm; constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhoids; delayed menstruation; postpartum care and recovery; headache, fever, gas pain and flatulence | Lf, Sh | I | Drink decoction or add in soup | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None |
Ear congestion, infection, and discharge | Lf, Sp | I | Drop leaf sap | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Boils, skin rashes, and itchiness; arthritis, rheumatism; cuts and wounds, bruises and contusions | Lf | E | Apply decoction as wash | 3–5 leaves | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Toothache; cuts and wounds, snake bites | Lf, Sh | I/E | Apply crushed shoot or leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves, 1 shoot | As needed | None | ||||||||||
65 | Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. | Lamiaceae | Wachichao | USTH 015550 | 513 | 6 | 1.53 | 2.96 | 1.58 | Diabetes; hypertension; diarrhea, stomachache; joint pain, gout, rheumatism; urination difficulty, kidney stones, kidney problem, urinary bladder swelling, prostate problem; labor and delivery enhancer | Fl, Lf | I | Drink brewed tea-prepared leaves or decoction of leaves and flower | 3–5 cups | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
66 | Premna odorata Blanco | Lamiaceae | Abgaw | USTH 015559 | 668 | 7 | 1.99 | 2.94 | 1.79 | Colds; nasal congestion, sinusitis, cough, cough with phlegm; diarrhea, ulcer; rheumatism; postpartum care and recovery; weakness and fatigue, gas pain and flatulence | Lf | I | Drink water-infused leaves | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day for 3 days or as needed | None |
Cuts and wounds | E | Apply crushed leaves as poultice | 1–3 leaves | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | |||||||||||
67 | Teijsmanniodendron ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh. | Lamiaceae | Kulipapa | USTH 015603 | 128 | 4 | 0.38 | 1.18 | 1.24 | Beriberi; muscle pain; labor and delivery; backache, body ache, cramp and spasm | Rt, St | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
68 | Vitex negundo L. | Lamiaceae | Lagundi | USTH 015562 | 475 | 5 | 1.42 | 2.69 | 1.55 | Cough, cough with phlegm; ulcer; rheumatism; postpartum care and recovery; headache, gas pain and flatulence | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 1/4 glass (young leaf) or 1/2 glass (mature leaf) | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
69 | Cinnamomum mercadoi S.Vidal | Lauraceae | Kaningag | USTH 015585 | 908 | 8 | 2.71 | 3.22 | 1.93 | Amoebiasis; cancer; hypertension; cough; diarrhea, stomach trouble, ulcer, stomach acidity; kidney problem, urinary tract infection; weakness and fatigue, cramp and spasm | Bk, Br, Rt | I | Drink decoction or local alcohol-tinctured bark, stem and root | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Cuts and wounds | Bk, Br, Rt | E | Apply coconut oil-infused bark, stem and root | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
70 | Litsea cordata (Jack) Hook.f. | Lauraceae | Loktob | USTH 015580 | 307 | 7 | 0.92 | 2.83 | 1.79 | Mumps; cyst, tumor, myoma; goiter; asthma, pneumonia, emphysema, cough; ulcer; arthritis; kidney problem, dysmenorrhea | Bk, Rt | I | Drink hot water-infused bark or decoction | 1–3 glasses | Once a day in thrice a week for 2 months or as needed | In excess can cause anemia, dizziness and weakening |
71 | Machilus philippinensis Merr. | Lauraceae | Efficascent | USTH 015576 | 82 | 2 | 0.24 | 1.11 | 0.69 | Cough; weakness and fatigue | Sp, St | I | Drink sap from rubbed stem | 1/2 cup | Once a day or as needed | None |
72 | Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. | Lythraceae | Banaba | USTH 015596 | 384 | 4 | 1.15 | 2.57 | 1.26 | Ulcer; urination difficulty, kidney stones, high uric acid, and creatinine; maternal care; backache, body ache, fever | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
73 | Gossypium hirsutum L. | Malvaceae | Gapas | USTH 015553 | 283 | 3 | 0.84 | 2.14 | 0.95 | Hemorrhage; postpartum care and recovery; body ache, fever, body chills | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 1 glass | Once a day for 3 days | In excess, can cause abnormalities in lactating mothers |
74 | Sida rhombifolia L. | Malvaceae | Eskuba laki | USTH 015601 | 768 | 8 | 2.29 | 2.55 | 1.87 | Cough; stomach trouble; kidney stone, kidney problem, prostate problem, irregular menstruation | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
Chicken pox, herpes simplex, scabies; boils; swellings; backache, body ache, headache; cuts and wounds | Lf, Rt | E | Apply leaves as poultice or leaf and bark decoction as wash | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Fever | Bk | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 palm-sized barks | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
75 | Urena lobata L. | Malvaceae | Dupang bae | USTH 015664 | 482 | 7 | 1.44 | 2.06 | 1.80 | Stomach trouble; arthritis, rheumatism; labor and delivery, postpartum care and recovery; fever; cuts and wounds, fracture and dislocation, bruises and contusion, sprain, animal bites | Wh | I/E | Drink or apply decoction or burn as incense | 1 bowl | Once a day or as needed | None |
Diabetes; sore throat; toothache; abdominal pain | Sh | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
76 | Angiopteris evecta Sw. | Marattiaceae | Amampang | USTH 015658 | 126 | 3 | 0.38 | 1.50 | 0.87 | Muscle pain; postpartum care and recovery; backache, body ache, weakness, and fatigue, cramp and spasm | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
77 | Medinilla teysmannii Miq. | Melastomataceae | Tampion | USTH 015581 | 282 | 3 | 0.84 | 1.25 | 1.04 | Swollen muscles and swellings, muscle pain; gas pain and flatulence; sprain | Lf | E | Apply heated leaves as hot compress | 1–3 leaves | Once a day or as needed | None |
78 | Melastoma malabathricum L. | Melastomataceae | Hantutuknaw puti | USTH 015588 | 274 | 3 | 0.82 | 1.89 | 0.96 | Diarrhea, dysentery, stomachache, hemorrhoids; headache, fever | Sh | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
Toothache; cuts and wounds | Lf | I/E | Drop or drink stem sap | 1–3 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
79 | Lansium domesticum Correa | Meliaceae | Lansones | USTH 015565 | 103 | 4 | 0.31 | 1.52 | 1.28 | Malaria; diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia; fever, gas pain and flatulence | Bk, Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None |
Insect bites | Bk | E | Apply powdered bark | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
80 | Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr. | Meliaceae | Santol | USTH 015624 | 464 | 7 | 1.39 | 1.78 | 1.85 | Tonic; hypertension; diarrhea, dysentery; postpartum care and recovery; abdominal pain, fever | Bk, Fr, Lf | I | Drink decoction of mesocarp, leaves and scraped bark | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
Toothache | Lf | I | Apply crushed leaves as poultice | 1–3 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Boils, skin rashes and itchiness, dermatitis | Lf | E | Apply decoction as wash | 3–5 leaves | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Ringworm | Bk | E | Apply pounded scraped bark as poultice | 1–3 palm-sized barks | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
81 | Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. | Meliaceae | Mahogany | USTH 015671 | 334 | 9 | 1.00 | 2.29 | 2.14 | Dysmenorrhea, delayed menstruation; abortifacient; abdominal pain | Sd | I | Take powdered seed or drink decoction | 1–3 glasses | Once a day or as needed | Can cause abortion in pregnant women |
Amoebiasis, malaria; cancer; tonic; hypertension; cough; diarrhea; miscarriage; fever | Bk | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
82 | Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr. | Menispermaceae | Lagtang or Abutra | USTH 015600 | 922 | 10 | 2.75 | 3.23 | 2.14 | Jaundice; tumor, myoma; diabetes, tonic; respiratory disease complex; diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, ulcer, appetite enhancer; dysmenorrhea, delayed menstruation; abortifacient; fever | Rt, St | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | Can cause abortion in pregnant women |
Scabies; boils, skin rashes and itchiness; cuts and wounds | Rt, St | E | Apply coconut oil-infused stem | Completely on affected part | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
83 | Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson | Menispermaceae | Panyawan | USTH 015566 | 782 | 9 | 2.33 | 2.68 | 1.95 | Malaria; tonic; diarrhea, stomach trouble, vomiting, ulcer, toothache; arthritis, rheumatism; dysmenorrhea; abortifacient; abdominal pain, backache, body ache, fever | St | I | Drink local alcohol-tinctured or decocted stem | 1–3 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | Can cause abortion in pregnant women |
Scabies; sore eyes; cuts and wounds | Sp, St | E | Drop stem sap | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Arthritis, rheumatism; abortifacient; abdominal pain, body ache; gas pain and flatulence | St | E | Apply coconut oil-infused stem or stem mixed with gasoline | Completely on affected part | As needed | Can cause abortion in pregnant women | ||||||||||
84 | Ficus botryocarpa Miq. | Moraceae | Kabiya | USTH 015672 | 53 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.96 | 0.00 | Headache, fever | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 1 arm-sized root | Twice a day or as needed | None |
85 | Ficus cassidyana Elmer | Moraceae | Tobog tapol | USTH 015551 | 492 | 8 | 1.47 | 3.00 | 1.89 | Colds; diabetes; hypertension; asthma, cough, respiratory disease complex; diarrhea, stomachache; urinary tract infection; postpartum recovery, maternal care, milk production enhancer; weakness and fatigue, relapse | Bk, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
Diabetes; hypertension | Fr | I | Eat fresh fruit directly | 1–3 fruits | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Body ache, headache, fever | Lf | E | Apply leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
86 | Ficus concinna (Miq.) Miq. | Moraceae | Balete | USTH 015552 | 608 | 4 | 1.81 | 2.66 | 1.37 | Prostate cancer, cyst, tumor; arthritis, rheumatism; kidney problem, prostate problem | Bk, Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 5–7 glasses | Once a day in thrice a week for 2 months | In excess can cause anemia, dizziness, and weakening |
Cuts and wounds | Bk, Lf, Rt | E | Apply decoction as wash | 1–3 glasses | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Fracture and dislocation, sprain | Bk, Rt | E | Apply fresh and heated bark and root as poultice | 1–3 palm-sized barks or 1 arm-sized root | Once a day or as needed | Bark can cause skin allergy or burn | ||||||||||
87 | Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume | Moraceae | Tobog puti | USTH 015561 | 480 | 8 | 1.43 | 1.62 | 1.89 | Colds; diabetes; hypertension; asthma, cough, respiratory disease complex; diarrhea, stomachache; urinary tract infection; maternal care, postpartum recovery, milk production enhancer; weakness and fatigue, relapse | Bk, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 1–3 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
Diabetes; hypertension | Fr | I | Eat fresh fruit directly | 1–3 fruits | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Body ache, headache, fever | Lf | E | Apply leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
88 | Ficus pseudopalma Blanco | Moraceae | Lobi-lobi | USTH 015636 | 331 | 7 | 0.99 | 2.38 | 1.80 | Diabetes; hypertension, atherosclerosis, hemorrhage; diarrhea, stomach trouble, dyspepsia; kidney stones; muscle pain; postpartum care and recovery; cramp and spasm | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None |
89 | Ficus septica Burm.f. | Moraceae | Lagnob | USTH 015623 | 576 | 7 | 1.72 | 2.13 | 1.77 | Stomach trouble; asthma, sinusitis; muscle pain; backache, body ache, headache, fever, weakness, and fatigue | Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day for 3 days only | In excess can cause intestinal weakening |
Warts; cataract, eye problem | Lf, Sp | E | Apply drops of leaf sap | 3–5 leaves | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Herpes simplex; boils | Rt, Sp, St | E | Apply stem and root sap | Completely on affected part | Thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
90 | Ficus sp. | Moraceae | Tuwa-tuwa | USTH 015642 | 71 | 1 | 0.21 | 0.98 | 0.00 | Pregnancy, impotence and sterility, postpartum care and recovery | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day for 3–5 days or as needed | None |
91 | Morus alba L. | Moraceae | Tahibo | USTH 015549 | 277 | 4 | 0.83 | 2.69 | 1.21 | Colds; asthma, pneumonia, lung nodule, cough; muscle pain; cramp and spasm, relapse | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice to thrice a day for 3–5 days | In excess can cause acid reflux and hypocupremia |
92 | Muntingia calabura L. | Muntingiaceae | Mansanitas | USTH 015629 | 169 | 4 | 0.50 | 1.58 | 1.21 | Colds; diarrhea, stomachache, vomiting, ulcer; prostate problem; abdominal pain, headache | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None |
93 | Myristica agusanensis Elmer | Myristicaceae | Duguang kahoy | USTH 015611 | 194 | 2 | 0.58 | 1.96 | 0.69 | Measles; respiratory disease complex | Bk | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
94 | Psidium guajava L. | Myrtaceae | Bayabas | USTH 015663 | 275 | 5 | 0.82 | 2.15 | 1.43 | Diarrhea, ulcer | Bk, Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Constipation | Fr | I | Eat fresh fruit directly | 1–3 fruits | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Scabies; toothache; skin eruptions; cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Apply chewed or pounded leaves | 3–5 leaves | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Dandruff; cuts and wounds; circumcision antiseptic | Lf | E | Apply decocted leaves as wash | 3–5 leaves | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
95 | Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. | Pandanaceae | Pandantsina | USTH 015555 | 197 | 2 | 0.59 | 1.98 | 0.60 | Heart enlargement, high cholesterol; urination difficulty, kidney stone, kidney problem, urinary bladder swelling, prostate problem | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
96 | Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. | Phyllanthaceae | Talikod or Likod-likod | USTH 015590 | 459 | 9 | 1.37 | 2.35 | 2.01 | Jaundice, colds; tonic; coughs; stomach problem; kidney stone, kidney problem, urinary bladder swelling; new-born baby care; fever | Wh | I/E | Drink decoction or apply decocted leaves as wash | 3–5 glasses decoction or 1/2 cup leaf sap (adult); 1/2 cup decoction or 1 teaspoonful leaf sap (baby) | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Scabies, jaundice, ringworm; skin rashness and itchiness, dermatitis, eczema; cuts and wounds | Fr, Rt | E | Apply decoction as wash | 3–5 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
97 | Piper aduncum L. | Piperaceae | Lunas buyo | USTH 015568 | 193 | 2 | 0.58 | 1.14 | 0.56 | Skin rashes and itchiness; cuts and wounds, animal and insect bites | Lf, St | E | Apply decoction | Completely on affected part | Once or twice a day or as needed | In excess can cause intestinal weakening |
98 | Piper decumanum L. | Piperaceae | Lunas bagon tapol | USTH 015544 | 1018 | 9 | 3.04 | 3.45 | 2.06 | Typhoid fever; cancer, cyst, tumor; pulmonary tuberculosis; diarrhea, stomach trouble, ulcer; gas pain and flatulence; poisoning | St | I | Drink local alcohol-tinctured stem | 1/2 to 1 glass | Once a day in thrice a week or as needed | In excess can cause intestinal weakening |
Tonsillitis; toothache, gum swelling, canker sore | St | I | Gargle local alcohol-tinctured stem | 1/2 to 1 glass | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Scabies, warts, impetigo; boils, skin eruptions, skin rashes and itchiness, pimple, acne; arthritis, rheumatism, swellings, muscle pain; backache, body ache, gas pain and flatulence; allergy, burns, cuts and wounds, sprain, snake, dog and insect bites, contacts with plants and animal parts; anesthetic | St | E | Apply coconut or Efficascent oil-infused stem | Completely on affected part | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
99 | Piper nigrum L. | Piperaceae | Lunas bagon puti | USTH 015560 | 824 | 9 | 2.46 | 2.41 | 1.20 | Cancer, cyst, tumor; tonsillitis; diarrhea, stomach trouble, ulcer, toothache, mouth sore, gum swelling; gas pain and flatulence; poisoning | St | I | Drink or gargle local alcohol-tinctured stem or drink decocted stem | 1/2 to 1 glass of local alcohol tincture or 3–5 glasses of decoction | Once a day in thrice a week or as needed | In excess can cause intestinal weakening |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Scabies, warts, impetigo; breast cancer; boils, skin eruptions, skin rashes and itchiness, pimple, acne; arthritis, rheumatism, swellings, muscle pain; backache, body ache, gas pain, and flatulence; skin allergy, burns, cuts and wounds, animal and insect bites, contacts with plants and animals parts; anesthetic | St | E | Apply coconut oil-infused or decocted stem | Completely on affected part | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
100 | Piper sp. | Piperaceae | Buyo Pilipog | USTH 015592 | 296 | 3 | 0.88 | 1.33 | 1.04 | Asthma, cough; rheumatism; fracture and dislocation | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
101 | Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. | Poaceae | Bilabila | USTH 015569 | 481 | 11 | 1.44 | 3.04 | 2.34 | Measles; diabetes; internal bleeding; cough; diarrhea; arthritis; kidney problem; postpartum care and recovery; fever, cramp, and spasm; fracture and dislocation | Wh | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
Ringworm; hair loss; cuts and wounds | Wh | E | Apply decoction | 1 glass | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
102 | Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv. | Poaceae | Kogon | USTH 015605 | 107 | 4 | 0.32 | 1.90 | 1.35 | Urination difficulty | Sh | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Chicken pox, measles; diarrhea, toothache; fever, baby teething | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
103 | Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius | Poeaceae | Miligoy | USTH 015627 | 124 | 3 | 0.37 | 2.30 | 1.04 | Diarrhea, dysentery | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 1 handful of roots | Twice a day or as needed | None |
Hair loss; cuts and wounds | Rt | E | Apply decoction as wash | 1 handful of roots | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
104 | Rosa sp. | Rosaceae | Rose | USTH 015628 | 83 | 3 | 0.25 | 1.33 | 1.04 | Colds; nasal congestion, sinusitis | Fl | I | Drink or sniff hot water-infused flowers | 1 glass | Thrice a day or as needed | None |
Cuts and wounds | Fl | E | Apply hot water-infused flowers as wash | 1 glass | As needed | None | ||||||||||
105 | Mussaenda philippica A.Rich. | Rubiaceae | Buyon | USTH 015556 | 123 | 5 | 0.37 | 1.36 | 1.56 | Jaundice, colds; dysentery, stomachache; fever; snake bite | Bk, Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Asthma, cough | Fl | I | Eat fresh flower directly | 1–3 flowers | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
106 | Uncaria lanosa Wall. | Rubiaceae | Kawilan | USTH 015557 | 94 | 1 | 0.28 | 0.93 | 0.00 | Stomach trouble | Sp, St | I | Drink stem sap | 1/2 cup | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Diarrhea | St | I | Drink local alcohol-tinctured bark | 1/2 to 1 glass | As needed | None | ||||||||||
107 | Melicope latifolia (DC.) T.G.Hartley | Rutaceae | Bagaynga | USTH 015540 | 43 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.92 | 0.00 | Cough | Bk | I | Drink decoction of scraped bark | 1–3 palm-sized barks | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
108 | Melicope triphylla (Lam.) Merr. | Rutaceae | Dahile | USTH 015660 | 86 | 2 | 0.26 | 1.31 | 0.64 | Pulmonary tuberculosis, cough | Lf, Sp | I | Drink decoction or leaf sap | 3–5 glasses or 3–5 leaves of sap | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
Snake bite | Lf, Sp | E | Apply leaf sap | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
109 | Micromelum minutum (G.Forst.) Wight & Arn. | Rutaceae | Lunas kahoy | USTH 015538 | 955 | 9 | 2.85 | 3.28 | 2.03 | Cancer, cyst; diarrhea, stomach trouble, ulcer; poisoning | Lf, St | I | Drink local alcohol-tinctured or decocted stem | 1/2 to 1 glass | Once or twice a day or as needed | In excess can cause intestinal weakening |
Tonsillitis; toothache, gum swelling, canker sore | Rt, St | E | Gargle local alcohol-tinctured stem | 1/2 to 1 glass | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Scabies, warts, impetigo; boils, skin eruptions, skin rashes and itchiness, pimple, acne; joint pain, rheumatism, swellings, muscle pain; backache, body ache, gas pain, and flatulence; allergy, burns, cuts, and wounds; snake, dog, and insect bites; contacts with plants and animal parts; anesthetic | Rt, St | E | Apply coconut or Efficascent oil-infused stem | Completely on affected part | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
110 | Capsicum annuum L. | Solanaceae | Sili na bisaya | USTH 015626 | 151 | 6 | 0.45 | 2.48 | 1.61 | Diabetes; hypertension | Fr | I | Eat fresh fruit directly or add as spice in cooking | 7 fruits | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
White spot, athlete's foot; appetite enhancer; boils, skin rashes and itchiness, psoriasis, dandruff; insect bites | Lf | E | Rub crushed leaves or leaf sap | 3–5 leaves | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
111 | Grewia laevigata Vahl | Sparmanniaceae | Talimughat lingin | USTH 015547 | 474 | 5 | 1.41 | 1.75 | 1.42 | Diabetes; hypertension, heart enlargement; rheumatism; labor and delivery enhancer, postpartum care and recovery; backache, body ache, fever, weakness, and fatigue, relapse | Bk, Lf, Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day up to 3 days or as needed | None |
Muscle pain; labor and delivery enhancer, postpartum care and recovery; backache, body ache, fever, cramp, and spasm; relapse | Bk, Rt | E | Apply coconut or Efficascent oil-infused bark and root | Completely on affected part | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
112 | Dendrocnide luzonensis (Wedd.) Chew | Urticaceae | Alingatong | USTH 015598 | 128 | 2 | 0.38 | 2.33 | 0.56 | Diabetes; joint pain, swollen muscles, and swellings, muscle pain | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
113 | Leucosyke capitellata Wedd. | Urticaceae | Anagasi | USTH 015542 | 28 | 1 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 0.00 | Stomach trouble and vomiting | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
114 | Oreocnide rubescens (Blume) Miq. | Urticaceae | Kubi or Salin-ubod | USTH 015676 | 151 | 3 | 0.45 | 1.89 | 1.04 | Cough; diarrhea, stomach trouble; fever | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None |
115 | Pipturus arborescens (Link) C.B.Rob. | Urticaceae | Handamay | USTH 015673 | 540 | 6 | 1.61 | 2.25 | 1.58 | Depression, anxiety, nervousness; stomach acidity; backache, body ache, headache, fever, weakness, and fatigue | Lf | I | Eat fresh leaves or drink water solution of leaves | 3–5 glasses | Thrice a day for a month or as needed | None |
Herpes simplex, scabies; boils, dermatitis | Lf | E | Rub crushed leaves | 3–5 leaves | Thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Skin rashes and infection; cuts and wounds | Bk | E | Apply pulp made from scraped bark as poultice | 1–3 palm-sized barks | Twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
116 | Poikilospermum acuminatum (Trecul.) Merr. | Urticaceae | Hanupi | USTH 015655 | 243 | 6 | 0.73 | 2.06 | 1.67 | Sore eyes; ulcer; postpartum care and recovery; fever | Sp, St | I | Drink stem sap or decoction stem | 1 arm-sized stem | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Skin rashes and itchiness; cuts and wounds; animal and insect bites | Rt, Sp | E | Apply decoction as wash | 1 arm-sized root | Once or twice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
117 | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl | Verbenaceae | Elepanteng lingganag | USTH 015594 | 396 | 5 | 1.18 | 2.04 | 1.56 | Ascariasis; abortifacient; fever | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 1 arm-sized root | Once to thrice a day or as needed | Can cause abortion in pregnant women |
Boils; bruises, sprain | Lf | E | Apply crushed leaves as poultice | 3–5 glasses | As needed | None | ||||||||||
118 | Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. | Xanthorrhoeaceae | Ikug-ikug | USTH 015656 | 164 | 3 | 0.35 | 1.39 | 0.95 | Maternal care; postpartum care and recovery, milk production enhancer | Lf | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once a day or as needed | None |
Cuts and wounds | Lf | E | Apply leaves as poultice | 3–5 leaves | As needed | None | ||||||||||
Herpes simplex | Lf, Rt | E | Apply coconut oil-infused ashes of leaf and roots | Completely on affected part | Thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
119 | Curcuma longa L. | Zingerberaceae | Duwaw yellow | USTH 015674 | 248 | 6 | 0.74 | 1.68 | 1.70 | Diabetes; cough; arthritis, rheumatism; delayed menstruation; fever, gas pain and flatulence | Rz | I | Drink grinded and brewed rhizome | 1–3 cups | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
Burns, cuts and wounds, insect bites | Rz | E | Apply extracted juice from crushed rhizome | Completely on affected part | As needed | None | ||||||||||
120 | Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc. | Zingerberaceae | Duwaw violet | USTH 015645 | 83 | 2 | 0.24 | 1.88 | 0.69 | Cough; fever | Rz | I | Drink grinded and brewed rhizome | 1–3 cups | Once or twice a day or as needed | None |
121 | Alpinia haenkei C.Presl | Zingiberaceae | Yanguas | USTH 015641 | 86 | 3 | 0.26 | 1.26 | 1.04 | Cough; stomachache; urination difficulty, urinary tract infection | Rt | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Once to thrice a day or as needed | None |
122 | Kaempferia galanga L. | Zingiberaceae | Kisol | USTH 015579 | 200 | 7 | 0.60 | 1.44 | 1.89 | Colds; tonic; cough, sore throat; dyspepsia, toothache; postpartum care and recovery; headache, fever | Rz | I | Drink decoction | 3–5 glasses | Twice a day or as needed | None |
Toothache; headache, fever | Rz | I/E | Apply grinded rhizome as poultice | 1–3 rhizomes | Thrice a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Tonic; postpartum care and recovery; headache, fever | Sh | E | Place washed clean shoot around the neck | 1–3 shoots | Once a day or as needed | None | ||||||||||
Cough; rheumatism, swollen muscle | Lf | E | Rub heated and crashed leaves | 1–3 leaves | Thrice a day or as needed | None |