Table 1 List of plants used as foodstuff or medicinal purposes in Afyonkarahisar (Inner-West Anatolia)
From: Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey
Species | Plant Family | Local Name | Parts Used | Uses | Preparation and Administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthus hirsutus Boiss. (AKUH 7506) | Acanthaceae | Ayıpençesi | Stem, Leaf | Fodder | Stem and leaf are consumed by animals for fodder. |
Amaranthus retroflexus L. (AKUH 7509) | Amaranthaceae | Paşa pancarı, kızılbacak | Leaf | Food | The plant’s leaves are fried in oil and consumed. |
Conium maculatum L. (AKUH 7520) | Apiaceae | Yılan kamışı, gumarcık ot | Flower | Infection | The plant oil were removed and the stem is driven to kill germs in the stem structure. |
Eryngium campestre L. var. virens Link. (AKUH 7528) | Çakırdikeni | Stem | Infection | Infusion as tea. | |
Arum elongatum Steven subsp. elongatum Steven (AKUH 7542) | Araceae | Basur otu | Root, Tuber | Hemorrhoid | Plant tuber part turned into powder by in effect simulating the board. The capsule was consumed. |
Dracunculus vulgaris Schoot. (AKUH 7564) | Yılan bıçağı | Leaf | Infection | The leaf part is used as a salve on a wound. | |
Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. (AKUH 7597) | Asparagaceae | Dağ soğanı, ada soğanı | Above ground parts | Circulatory system | Infusion as tea. |
Tragopogon latifolius Boiss. var. angustifolius Boiss. (AKUH 7514) | Asteraceae | Tekesakalı, yemlik | Leaf | Stomach disease | The leaves are directly consumed. |
Helianthus tuberosus L. (AKUH 7521) | Yerelması | Root, Stem | Food | Root and stem parts are directly consumed. | |
Anthemis tinctoria L. var. tinctoria L. (AKUH 7545) | Papatya | Flower | Respiratory system | Infusion as tea. | |
Hieracium pannosum Boiss. (AKUH 7548) | Sakız otu | Root | Oral and dental health | The root of the plant is suspended in the sun, the resulting liquid such as milk dry up like chewing gum is for chewing. | |
Anthemis wallii Hub.-Mor. et Reese (AKUH 7501) | Papatya | Flower | Asthma and shortness of breath | Infusion as tea. | |
Chondrilla juncea L. var. juncea. (AKUH 7504) | Karakavuk, çıtlık, çengel sakızı | Leaf | Painkiller and stomach disease | The leaves are used in salad. | |
Lactuca serriola L. (AKUH 7502) | Tarla marul, acı marul, dilli tura | Leaf | Diet and attenuator | The leaves of the plant are consumed as part of a salad. | |
Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium. (AKUH 7534) | Ayva denesi | Leaf, Flower | Diseases of the digestive system | Infusion as tea. | |
Achillea teretifolia Willd. (AKUH 7532) | Yaraotu | Above ground parts | Diseases of the digestive, skin and acne | The plant’s above ground parts boiled water by putting a quantity of 15 min is suspended. Tea mixed with oil is applied on acne and wounded regions. | |
Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (AKUH 7560) | Gökbaş | Leaf | Food | The leaves of the plant are consumed by making a taco. | |
Cichorium intybus L. (AKUH 7557) | Acı günek, çiftlik otu | Leaf | Painkiller and stomach diseases | The plant’s leaves are made of salad and rolls. | |
Scolymus hispanicus L. (AKUH 7503) | Diken | Stem | Digestive diseases | The fleshy parts of the stem of the plant is consumed directly in the blister pack | |
Bellis perennis L. (AKUH 7511) | Çayır papatyası | Flower | Medical, respiratory diseases | Flower of the plant is dried, boiled water for 3–5 min by joining strength, juice drink. | |
Doronicum orientale Hoffm. (AKUH 7513) | Sarıçiçek | Flower, Leaf | Fodder | The plant flowers and leaves parts exposed to animals as bait. | |
Onopordum anatolicum (Boiss.) Eig. (AKUH 7562) | Galgan | Stem | Digestive tract, stomachache, kidney stones | The meaty parts in the stem of the plant is removed, directly from the defeated are consumed. Decoction as tea. | |
Gundelia tournefortii L. var. tournefortii (AKUH 7556) | Kenger | Fruit | Skin disorders, eczema, hemorrhoids | After roasting, the fruit portion is consumed. | |
Artemisia campestris L. (AKUH 7589) | Pelin | Young shoots and Leaves | Appetizer | Decoction as tea. | |
Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (AKUH 7573) | Civanperçem | Leaf, Flower | Pain relievers, stomach, respiratory distress, shortness of breath disorders | Decoction as tea. | |
Inula anatolica Boiss.(AKUH 7576) | Basur otu | Flower | Hemorrhoids | Flower is boiled in water. It is used as a treatment for hemorrhoids district. | |
Berberis crataegina DC.(AKUH 7629) | Berberidaceae | Sarıçalı | Leaf, Fruit | Kidney stones, liver | Leaves are effective for preventing kidney stones when they are consumed 15–20 days as salad. The fruit of the plant part (grape) is consumed directly. |
Anchusa leptophylla Roemer & Schultes subsp. leptophylla (AKUH 7505) | Boraginaceae | Ballık Otu, Kuzu dili | Stem, Flower, | Food | Stem and flowers are put into the dough. |
Cerinthe minor L. subsp. auriculata (Ten.) Domac (AKUH 7558) | Sarıçiçek | Flower, Leaf | Fodder | Leaves and flower parts are exposed to animals. | |
Anchusa undulata L. subsp. hybrida (Ten.) Coutinho (AKUH 7552) | Sığırdili | Leaf | Diabetes | The plant’s leaves are boiled and are consumed by joining into the dough. | |
Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch subsp. glandulosa Hub.-Mor. (AKUH 7561) | Havacıva otu | Root | Hemorrhoids | Decoction as tea, the region also has a therapeutic equivalent of hemorrhoids. | |
Anchusa azurea Mill. var. azurea. (AKUH 7553) | Kuzu dili, Ballık otu | Leaf | Food | Fresh leaves of the plant are boiled and put into dough. | |
Alyssum desertorum Stapf. var. desertorum Stapf. (AKUH 7554) | Brassicaceae | Yozmercimek | Fruit | Food | Consumed directly by shepherds. |
Sisymbrium altissimum L. (AKUH 7590) | Hardal otu | Leaf, Flower | Food, Fodder | Leaf of the plant parts consumed in the form of rolls wrapped in phyllo dough. Leaves and flowers of the plant are given to animals. | |
Barbarea sp. (AKUH 7583) | Acı tere | Leaf | Body resistance, vitamin | The plant’s leaves are made of salad. | |
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (AKUH 7507) | Pastariz, bicibici | Leaf | Food | The plant fresh leaves are consumed in the form of pastry wrapped into rolls. | |
Sinapis arvensis L. (AKUH 7508) | Hardal | Leaf | Food | Boiled fresh leaves is consumed in taco. | |
Silene dichotoma Ehrh. subsp. dichotoma Ehrh. (AKUH 7512) | Caryophyllaceae | Toklubaşı | Leaf | Food | The plant’s leaves are made of salad |
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. subsp. media. (AKUH 7510) | Kuşekmeği, urgancık, kazayağı | Leaf | Food | The leaves of the plant is consumed wrapped in dough. | |
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke var. vulgaris (AKUH 7515) | Toklubaşı | Leaf | Food | Fried in oil and consumed. | |
Agrostemma githago L. (AKUH 7628) | Sakızlık otu | Flower | Digestive disorder | Infusion as tea. | |
Dianthus zonatus Fenzl. var. aristatus (Boiss.) Reeve (AKUH 7620) | Basur otu | Flower | Hemorrhoids | Flower part is boiled in water in 3–5 min. It is drunk for hemorrhoidal disease by the use of 10–15 sessions | |
Dianthus zonatus Fenzl var. zonatus (AKUH 7598) | Siğilotu | Flower | Skin diseases, warts | Infusion as tea. | |
Vaccaria pyramidata Medik. var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex DC.) Cullen (AKUH 7623) | Mor çiçek | Flower, Leaf | Fodder | It is consumed as fresh by animals.. | |
Chenopodium album L. (AKUH 7588) | Chenopodiaceae | Sirken | Leaf | Food | The plant’s leaves are boiled, consumed in dough. |
Chenopodium album L. subsp. album var. album (AKUH 7582) | Sarı sirken | Leaf | Food | The plant’s leaves are roasted and the eggs are added on to it. | |
Chenopodium foliosum (Moench) Asch. (AKUH 7630) | İt üzümü | Fruit | Food | Fruits are eaten in fresh. | |
Beta trigyna Waldst. & Kit. (AKUH 7625) | Kır ıspanağı | Leaf | Digestive and stomach diseases | Fried in oil and eaten by shepherds. | |
Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (AKUH 7626) | Süpürge | Branch, Stem | Household goods | Turned into a broom is used as household goods. | |
Atriplex sp. (AKUH 7627) | Tellice | Flower | Immune system | Infusion as tea. | |
Cistus laurifolius L. (AKUH 7624) | Cistaceae | Pinar | Leaf, Young shoots | Crafts, coloring, digestive | The leaves and young branches of the plant are boiled, green, yellow and tones are obtained. The leaves and shoots are boiled in water to drink. |
Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus (AKUH 7622) | Cupressaceae | Gıli gıli | Leaf, Galbula | Cholesterol, diabetes | The plant’s fruit and leaves are boiled in water for 10–15 min for a drink. Fresh fruits are edible or boiled to prepare juice. |
Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. (AKUH 7621) | Katran ağacı | Stem | Digestive and infection diseases | The plant body part turned into tar at high temperature and used for cleaning of the infection and digestive problems. | |
Juniperus foetidissima Willd. (AKUH 7619) | Kokar ardıcı | Leaf | Skin diseases, warts | Juniper leaves, broken in and they are applied into the warty zone 30–40 sessions. | |
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (AKUH 7617) | Equisetaceae | Kırk kilit | Stem | Respiratory, sinusitis and arthritis diseases | Decoction as tea. |
Euphorbia macroclada (Boiss.) (AKUH 7616) | Euphorbiaceae | Sütleğen | Stem | Infection | The plant is removed from the body in the form of liquid milk. Liquid bread into the stained area and ingested for treatment malaria. |
Vicia cracca L. subsp. stenophylla Velen. (AKUH 7613) | Fabaceae | Efek | Flower, Fruit | Food, fodder | Flowers and fruits are consumed directly. |
Astragalus flavescens Boiss. (AKUH 7618) | Eşek geveni | Leaf, Flower | Fodder | The plant’s leaves and flower parts are consumed directly by animals | |
Astragalus microcephalus Willd. (AKUH 7615) | Geven | Above ground parts | Fodder | Spiny part is burned by shepherds. A hammer or mallet were crushed for animals to eat. | |
Coronilla varia L. subsp. varia (AKUH 7611) | Burçak | Flower, Leaf | Respiratory diseases | Infusion as tea. | |
Astragalus pisidicus Boiss. & Heldr. (AKUH 7612) | Söğüt geveni | Above ground parts | Body resistance, immune system, cancer | Infusion as tea. | |
Quercus ithaburensis Decne. subsp. macrolepis (Kotsch) Hedge&Yalt. (AKUH 7614) | Fagaceae | Palamut | Cupula of the plant | Crafts, painting | Cupula of the plant by boiling chickpea yolk color is obtained for rug weaving. |
Quercus cerris L. var. cerris (AKUH 7608) | Kızılmeşe | Fruit | Infection, hemorrhoids, Skin disorders, eczema | It is boiled in water and two spoons of juice is consumed on an empty stomach. | |
Quercus infectoria Oliv. subsp. boissieri (Reuter) O.Schwarz (AKUH 7610) | Gerçelik | Fruit | Fodder | Plant crops are exposed as sheep bait. | |
Quercus pubescens Willd. (AKUH 7595) | Tüylü meşe | Leaf | Fodder | The leaves of the plant are eaten by animals. | |
Hypericum perforatum L. (AKUH 7566) | Hypericaceae | Binbir otu | Above ground parts | Painkillers | Decoction as tea. |
Hypericum perfoliatum L. (AKUH 7555) | Binbirdelik otu | Leaf, Flower | Digestive system | Decoction as tea. | |
Juglans regia L. (AKUH 7607) | Juglandaceae | Ceviz kabuğu | Fruit Peel | Skin cancer, crafts and coloring | Decoction as tea. It is boiled to obtain dark brown collors and tones for rug weaving. |
Tymus longicaulis C. Presl subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus (Borbas) Jalas (AKUH 7601) | Lamiaceae | Dağ kekiği | Flower | Lowering cholesterol and sugar. | The plant is consumed in the form of oregano oil. Infusion as tea. |
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley var. typhoides (AKUH 7600) | Yabani nane, Doğuma | Leaf | Body resistance, vitamin, respiratory diseases | The plant’s leaves are consumed in salad Infusion as tea. Dried leaves of the plant are used for spices. Plant leaves are mixed to the dough. | |
Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedry. (AKUH 7603) | Bodurmamut, sancıotu | Leaf, Flower | Painkillers, stomach and hemorrhoid disease | Infusion as tea. | |
Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw. (AKUH 7599) | Dağ çayı | Flower | Digestive and stomach diseases | Infusion as tea. | |
Thymus zygioides Griseb. var. lycaonicus (AKUH 7606) | Mor kekik | Flower | Heart and vascular diseases | Infusion as tea. | |
Salvia cryptantha Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham (AKUH 7602) | Kır çayı, şapla | Leaf, Flower | Respiratory and colds | Infusion as tea. | |
Marrubium globosum Montbret et Aucher ex Bentham (AKUH 7578) | Oğul otu | Leaf | Cardiac, vascular diseases | Infusion as tea. | |
Salvia tomentosa Mill. (AKUH 7579) | Karakekik | Leaf, Flower | Food | Decoction as tea. | |
Salvia virgata Jacq. (AKUH 7592) | Kır kekiği | Flower | Food | Dried flowers are used for spices by joining tarhana soup | |
Phlomis armeniaca Willd. (AKUH 7593) | Zorlatma otu | Flower | Painkillers | Flower oil is applied to the pain region. | |
Thymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp. sipyleus var. sipyleus (AKUH 7604) | Beyaz kekik | Flower | Respiratory diseases shortness of breath, influenza | Infusion as tea. | |
Mentha pulegium L. (AKUH 7605) | Yarpuz | Flower | Food | Dried flowers of the herb is consumed as spices. Infusion as tea. | |
Teucrium polium L. (AKUH 7591) | Acı ot | Stem | Hemorrhoids | Infusion as tea. | |
Linum hirsutum L. subsp. anatolicum (Boiss.) Hayek var. anatolicum.(AKUH 7596) | Linaceae | Keten | Flower | Food | The flowers of the plant are consumed directly. |
Viscum album L. subsp. album (AKUH 7594) | Santalaceae | Bögem, burç | Leaf, Young shoots | Respiratory, cough, digestive, intestinal gas reliever | Infusion as tea. |
Arceuthobium oxycedri (Dc.) M. Bieb. (AKUH 7584) | Ardıç burçu | Stem | Neurological diseases | Decoction as tea. | |
Malva sylvestris L. (AKUH 7587) | Malvaceae | Ebegümeci | Leaf | Food | After rosting in oil, it is consumed in the form of food. |
Malva neglecta Wallr. (AKUH 7586) | Ebegümeci | Leaf | Painkiller | Infusion as tea. Fresh leaves of the plant participates in the dough. | |
Morus nigra L.(AKUH 7585) | Moraceae | Doğal dut | Fruit | Infection, aphthae | Marmalade is made from fruit. |
Peganum harmala L. (AKUH 7572) | Nitrariceae | Üzerlik | Above ground parts | The evil eye | It is believed to prevent for the evil eye to strike the bride and son-in-law. |
Chelidonium majus L. (AKUH 7563) | Kırlangıç otu | Above ground parts | Digestion, hemorrhoids, liver, jaundice, eye diseases, skin diseases | Infusion as tea (1–2 cups a day) | |
Fumaria asepala Boiss. (AKUH 7543) | Şahtere | Flower | Iinfection, fungus | Infusion as tea. The plant’s water is applied to fungal region. | |
Papaver dubium L. (AKUH 7551) | Yaban haşhaşı | Leaf | Food | The leaves of the plant are consumed by making a salad. | |
Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe var. pallasiana (AKUH 7565) | Pinaceae | Katran çamı | Stem | Infection | Tar in water is drunk for infection. |
Plantago lanceolata L. (AKUH 7525) | Plantaginaceae | Sinirli yaprak | Leaf | Infection | Leaf of the plant part is driven directly to the inflamed area. It is used for cleaning of the infection. |
Plantago major L. subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange (AKUH 7531) | Yılanotu | Leaf | Infection | Leaf of the plant part affected area to be wrapped, provides to outside infection. | |
Acantholimon ulicinum (Willd. & Schultes) Boiss. subsp. lycaonicum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Bokhari. & Edm. (AKUH 7580) | Plumbaginaceae | Porsuk | Flower, Leaf | Household goods | Used in homes as decorative items. |
Acantholimon acerosum subsp. lycaonicum (Willd.) Boiss. var. acerosum (AKUH 7581) | Keven, Porsuk | Flower | Household goods, infection, tuberculosis | Infusion as tea (1–2 cups a day) | |
Rumex scutatus L. (AKUH 7569) | Polygonaceae | Ekşimen | Leaf | Vitamin needs | The leaves of the plant are consumed directly. Phyllo dough is made between the rolls. Salad is made. It is consumed directly with salt. |
Rumex patientia L. (AKUH 7571) | İlibada, Sabla | Leaf | Food | The leaf part is consumed as wheat wrapped (sarma). Leaf of the plant part participates in the dough. | |
Rumex acetosella L. (AKUH 7574) | Kuzukulağı | Leaf | Food | Leaves are eaten directly. Rolls are made, It is eaten. | |
Rumex crispus L. (AKUH 7575) | Evelik | Leaf | Food | The leaf part is consumed as wheat wrapped (sarma). | |
Polygonum cognatum Meissn. (AKUH 7518) | Çobanekmeği | Leaf | Body resistance | It is eaten as salad. Leaf of the plant part eaten directly. | |
Rumex tuberosus L.subsp. tuberosus L. (AKUH 7519) | Ekşikulak | Leaf | Body resistance, vitamin | It is eaten as salad. Leaf of the plant part eaten directly. | |
Portulaca oleraceae L. (AKUH 7522) | Portulacaceae | Temizlik otu | Above ground parts | Food | The plant’s above ground parts especially the leaves part joins into the yogurt. It is eaten as salad. |
Lysimachia vulgaris L. (AKUH 7577) | Primulaceae | Mersin | Leaf | Digestive diseases | Infusion as tea (1–2 cups a day) |
Nigella sativa L. (AKUH 7559) | Ranunculaceae | Çörek otu | Seed | Respiratory distress, shortness of breath, the immune diseases | The plant’s seed is consumed directly. Also, it is mixed into the honey. |
Ranunculus ficaria L. subsp. ficariiformis Rouy & F. (AKUH 7567) | Sarıçiçek, Düğün çiçeği, Mayıs çiçeği | Flower | Digestion, hemorrhoids, skin diseases | Infusion as tea (3 cups a day) | |
Adonis aestivalis L. subsp. aestivalis L. (AKUH 7516) | Tavukgötü | Stem | Fodder | The stem of the plant parts are consumed by animals. | |
Rhamnus rhodopeus Velen. subsp. anatolicus (Grub.) Browicz & Zieliński (AKUH 7570) | Rhamnaceae | Yağlıcan çehri, Karaköken | Fruit | Debilitating, diabetes | Fruits of the plant part eaten directly. |
Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pallas subsp. elaeagnifolia Pallas (AKUH 7568) | Rosaceae | Ahlât | Fruit | Cardiovascular diseases, hypertension | Infusion as tea(4 cups a day) Fruits of the plant part are eaten directly. Designated as a beverage. |
Rosa hemisphaerica Herrm. (AKUH 7549) | Gündöndü çiçeği | Fruit | Food | Fruits of the plant part eaten directly. | |
Rosa canina L. (AKUH 7550) | Kuşburnu | Fruit | Urea treatment, hemorrhoids, gastric ulcer | Dried fruit is boiled for a long time in the water to get marmelata. The fruit is boiled and it is taken orally as cold drink. Infusion as tea(3–4 cups a day) | |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. subsp. monogyna.(AKUH 7547) | Öküzgötü | Fruit | Respiratory, cold | Infusion as tea(2–4 cups a day) Dried fruit is boiled for a long time in the water to get marmelata. | |
Prunus divaricata Ledeb. subsp. divaricata.(AKUH 7541) | Yabani erik | Fruit | Body resistance | Fruits of the plant part are eaten directly. | |
Geum urbanum L. (AKUH 7535) | Dağçayı, meryemotu | Root | Respiratory, influenza | Decoction as tea. | |
Crataegus aronia (L.) Bosc. ex DC. (AKUH 7546) | Alıç | Fruit | Food | Fruits of the plant part are eaten directly. | |
Malus sylvestris Mill. subsp. orientalis(Uglitzk.) Browicz var. orientalis (AKUH 7540) | Dağ elması | Fruit | Food | The fruit of the plant is dried, boiled and drunk as juice. | |
Crataegus orientalis Pallas ex M. Bieb. var. orientalis (AKUH 7544) | Ahlât | Fruit, Young shoots | Diabetes, rheumatism | The ends of the branches and shoots of the plant parts are welded, cold drink. Fruits of the plant part are eaten directly. | |
Cerasus vulgaris Mill. (AKUH 7539) | Yozvişne | Fruit | Kidney, diuretic | Infusion as tea(8–10 cups a day) Compote is done from fruits. | |
Prunus armeniaca L. (AKUH 7533) | Kayısı kurusu | Fruit | Digestive and intestinal problems | Fruits of the plant part are eaten directly. Compote is done from fruits. | |
Cotoneaster nummularia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (AKUH 7536) | Muşmula | Fruit | Food | Fresh fruits are boiled to prepare jam. Decoction as tea. | |
Salix alba L. (AKUH 7538) | Salicaceae | Söğüt | Leaf | Painkiller, stomach and respiratory diseases, shortness of breath | Infusion as tea(2 cups a day) |
Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. subsp. genistifolia (AKUH 7537) | Scrophulariaceae | Geyşenik, Meryem otu | Flower | Fodder | Animals consume directly. |
Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. subsp. confertiflora (AKUH 7517) | Geyşenik, Meryem otu | Leaf, Flower | Skin disorders, eczema | Portions of the leaves and flowers are boiled. It is applied 2–3 times a day for eczema areas. | |
Verbascum sp. (AKUH 7527) | Öküz kuyruğu, sığırkuyruğu | Leaf, Flower | Respiratory, asthma, shortness of breath, skin diseases, warts, eczema | Infusion as tea(2–4 cups a day) It is applied 2–3 times a day for eczema areas. | |
Linaria grandiflora Desf. (AKUH 7529) | Sarışın | Leaf, Flower | Fodder | Animals consume directly. | |
Urtica dioica L. (AKUH 7526) | Urticaceae | Isırgan | Leaf | Cancer, leukemia | Decoction as tea. |
Urtica urens L. (AKUH 7530) | Dağlayan | Leaf | Skin cancer | Decoction as tea. | |
Urtica pilulifera L. (AKUH 7524) | Isırgan otu | Leaf | Food | Decoction as tea. | |
Tribulus terrestris L. (AKUH 7523) | Zygophyllaceae | Çoban çökerten | Flower, Leaf, Root | Kidney sand, hemorrhoids | Leaves are consumed to make taco. The flower oil is applied for hemorrhoids. |